Effects of dietary inclusion of palm kernel cake on nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial populations of goats fed Paspalum plicatulum hay-based diet

To investigate the effects of inclusion of palm kernel cake (PKC) in the diets on intake, digestibility, rumen fermentationcharacteristics, nitrogen balance and microbial N supply, five goats (initial BW = 20±1 kg) were randomly assigned to a55 Latin square design to receive five diets, T1 = concentrate with 15% PKC, T2 = 25% PKC, T3 = 35% PKC, T4 = 45% PKCand T5 = 55% PKC, of dietary dry matter, respectively. Plicatulum hay was offered ad libitum as the roughage. A metabolismtrial lasted for 21 days during which live weight changes and feed intakes were measured. Based on this experiment, therewere no significant differences (p>0.05) among treatment groups regarding dry matter (DM) intake and digestion coefficientsof DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, except in T4 and T5 (45 and 55% PKC)which had lower (p0.05), however the concentration of total volatile fatty acids and protozoal populations were slightly lower forgoats fed inclusion of 45-55% PKC as compared with other treatments. Based on this experiment, it could be concluded thatthe optimal level of PKC in concentrate should be 15-35% for goats fed with plicatulum hay and that it may be an effectivemeans of exploiting the use of local feed resources for goat production

Effects of dietary inclusion of palm kernel cake on nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial populations of goats fed Paspalum plicatulum hay-based die

Abstract To investigate the effects of inclusion of palm kernel cake (PKC) in the diets on intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, nitrogen balance and microbial N supply, five goats (initial BW = 20±1 kg) were randomly assigned to a 55 Latin square design to receive five diets, T 1 = concentrate with 15% PKC, T 2 = 25% PKC, T 3 = 35% PKC, T 4 = 45% PKC and T 5 = 55% PKC, of dietary dry matter, respectively. Plicatulum hay was offered ad libitum as the roughage. A metabolism trial lasted for 21 days during which live weight changes and feed intakes were measured. Based on this experiment, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) among treatment groups regarding dry matter (DM) intake and digestion coefficients of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, except in T 4 and T 5 (45 and 55% PKC) which had lower (p<0.01) than other treatments. Rumen parameters: temperature, pH, NH 3 -N, blood urea nitrogen and blood glucose, packed cell volume, volatile fatty acids, rumen microorganism populations and N retention were similar among treatments (p>0.05), however the concentration of total volatile fatty acids and protozoal populations were slightly lower for goats fed inclusion of 45-55% PKC as compared with other treatments. Based on this experiment, it could be concluded that the optimal level of PKC in concentrate should be 15-35% for goats fed with plicatulum hay and that it may be an effective means of exploiting the use of local feed resources for goat production

Quality aspects of raw goat milk in Lower Southern Thailand

This study was conducted to determine the quality and safety of raw goat milk in Lower Southern Thailand duringAugust to September 2008. Milk samples were collected from five farms in Songkhla, Yala, and Pattani Province of which thepH, acidity, specific gravity, milk fat, solid not fat, total solid, total plate count, Coliform count, and antibiotic residue weretested. The results did not show any significant difference (p>0.05) on pH and total plate count among samples from eachfarm. However, acidity, specific gravity, milk fat, solid not fat, and total solid varied between farms depending on feed supplyand management. Means of total bacteria count and Coliform count of most samples were in TACF standard quality (log3.720 cfu/ml and log 1.892 cfu/ml, respectively), except four samples had higher Coliform contamination. Additionally,a higher proportion (22.7 %) of samples with antibiotic residue was found