Optimal advert placement slot – using the knapsack problem model

The Knapsack problem model is a general resource allocation model in which a single resource is assigned to a number of alternatives with the objective of maximizing the total return. In this work, we applied the knapsack problem model to the placement of advert slots in the media. The aim was to optimize the capital allocated for advert placements. The general practice is that funds are allocated by trial and error and at the discretions of persons. This approach most times do not yield maximum results, lesser audience are reached. But when the scientific Knapsack problem model was applied to industry data, a better result was achieved, wider audience and minimal cost was attained

A Study of Framboesia tropica in the Manife Division, Cameroons

Abstract Not Provided

One Tool Amongst Many: Considering the Political Potential of Neighbourhood Planning for the Greater Carpenters Neighbourhood, London

Currently within English planning literature there are polarizing debates about whether neighbourhood planning represents a politically useful tool for communities to utilize to challenge and shape top-down government development plans for their neighbourhood. One side of the debate optimistically presents neighbourhood planning as a radical and exciting opportunity for communities who wish to shape development plans for their locality. On the other side of the debate neighbourhood planning is denounced as a post-political governance technology which does not enable communities to meaningfully challenge and shape government development plans for their neighbourhood. This paper will engage with these competing perspectives whilst exploring how the Greater Carpenters Neighbourhood Forum (GCNF) are using neighbourhood planning to try and protect housing on the Carpenters Estate, a council estate in Stratford, east London. This paper begins by providing a brief introduction to community participation in planning in England. Subsequently, this paper discusses benefits and challenges communities face engaging with formal planning mechanisms before specifically exploring perspectives on the challenges of using neighbourhood planning to realize their development aspirations for their neighbourhood. Drawing from interviews, planning document analysis, and ethnographic research carried out over the last year this paper then reflects on how neighbourhood planning is being deployed by the GCNF within a wider repertoire of community activities aimed at ensuring the protection and refurbishment of housing on the Carpenters Estate. Throughout this paper there will be reflection on whether participation in state planning processes represents a politically effective way for communities to shape development plans and outcomes for their neighbourhood. It will be argued that the political potential of neighbourhood planning for communities may be unlocked when it is pursued strategically in concert with a range of other actions aimed at challenging and shaping state development plans for a community's neighbourhood

Precincts and Prospects in the Use of Focus Groups in Social and Behavioral Science Research

Over the past few years, the focus group method has assumed a very important role as a method for collecting qualitative data in social and behavioural science research. This article elucidates theoretical and practical problems and prospects associated with the use of focus groups as a qualitative research method in social and behavioural science research. The core uses of focus groups in social and behavioural science research are discussed. In addition, the strengths and limitations of employing focus groups in social and behavioural science research are elucidated. Furthermore, the article discusses practical recommendations for strengthening the focus group method in social and behavioural science research

How to stop electoral corruption-What Kenya's NASA can learn from Ghana's NPP

Ahead of the Kenya's elections in August 2017, Lolan Sagoe-Moses looks at what the country's opposition can learn from Ghana's New Patriotic Party

5-Bit Dual-Slope Analog-to-Digital Converter-Based Time-to-Digital Converter Chip Design in CMOS Technology

Time-to-Digital Converters (TDC) have gained increasing importance in modern implementations of mixed-signal, data-acquisition and processing interfaces and are used to perform high precision time intervals in systems that incorporate Time-of-Flight (ToF) or Time-of-Arrival (ToA) measurements. The linearity of TDCs is very crucial since most Digital Signal Processing (DSP) systems require very linear inputs to achieve high accuracy. In this work, a TDC has been designed in the 0.5 μm n-well CMOS process that can be used for on-chip integration and in applications requiring high linearity. This TDC used a Dual-Slope-ADC-based architecture for the time-to-digital conversion and consists of the following three main sub-circuits: a time-to-voltage conversion part, an integrating part and digital circuitry. The design is operated with ±2.5V supply voltage and the digital circuitry, consisting of two digital counters and an adder, are operated with a clock frequency of 13MHz. The design of the TDC is discussed and simulated and experimental test results and linearity performance of the fabricated TDC are also presented

Risk Management Practices in the Mining Sector of Ghana: The Case of Goldfield Ltd, Damang

Risk management practice, in developing countries, is at its infant stage and often neglected in most companies. This study focused on the risk management practices of Goldfield Ltd in Damang in the Western Region of Ghana. Questionnaires were employed as the data collection instruments. The study made use of quantitative survey design. All the 41 staff who directly dealt with risk and its management in the company were considered and made part of the study. The breakdown of the 41 staff members used for the study includes 6 Heads of Departments, 10 Superintendent, 10 Supervisors and 15 Contractors. Employing a quantitative descriptive survey design, the result of the study reveals that risk assessment tools used for risk management are probability method, qualitative and decision tools. The recommendations made were to for mine management to place equal attention to all the methods for risk assessment. Keywords: risk, risk management, safety, mining, Goldfiel

Acneiform lesions in a female performance and image-enhancing drug user: the first African case report

The literature on performance and image-enhancing drug (PIED) use and their harms is dominated by studies of largely North American, European and Australian males. We present the first case of a non-athlete PIED user from Africa. We describe a 27-yearold South African female of African ancestry who presented with a 9-month history of acne involving mainly the trunk and face. After her initial denial, she confessed a 6-month illicit anabolic-androgenic steroid use. She was also using whey protein supplements. Her motive for PIED use was physique enhancement and endurance. Acne is an underestimated adverse effect of PIED use and health providers need to be aware of this. Polypharmacy and stacking may also exacerbate the risks of experiencing acne and other harms. Health providers must be empathic and open-minded with PIED-using patients to facilitate healthcare provision. This pioneering African case report adds to previous publications from other parts of the world.Keywords: Anabolic-androgenic steroids; acne; doping; performance and image-enhancing drugs; South Afric

Effects Of The Law On The Marketing Of Infant Foods In Ghana

Six years into the implementation of the Ghana Breastfeeding Promotion Regulations 2000 (LI 1667), this paper takes a look at how the implementation of the regulations has affected both the promotion of commercial infant foods and mothers feeding options in Ghana. The study reveals that the regulations have restricted promotion of designated products to health care facilities basically to the provision of technical informational materials to health workers and promotion through labeling of products. Direct advertisement of designated products to the general public was virtually non existent through out the study, though there was a general lack of awareness of the existence of the regulations on the part of the general public. The study further suggests that mothers feeding options have been influenced by both the existence of the regulation and the strong breast feeding advocacy together with the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative. Most mothers choose to breastfeed either exclusively or sometimes with water for the first three months of their babies life. The paper further reveals that mothers generally supplemented with other foods not only infant formula from the fourth month onwards because of employment and other social and economic reasons. These practices are quite different from the years before the Regulations. Enhanced enforcement of the Regulation, awareness creation and further research into impact of the regulations and other infant feeding practices could result in significant gains in compliance and appropriate infant feeding practices