179 research outputs found
Application of ERTS-1 data to analysis of agricultural crops and forests in Michigan
The results reported are based on analysis of ERTS Frame 1033-15580 collected over southwestern Lower Michigan on August 25, 1972. Major agricultural crops such as corn and soybeans were approaching maturity at this data and forest canopies were dense. Extensive ground truth information was gathered by detailed field study of test strips. This detailed information was supplemented over larger areas by interpretation of RB-57 and C-47 photography and MSS imagery. Recognition processing of ERTS-1 MSS data was carried out on a digital computer. Fields and forest stands were selected as training sets and test areas. Aerial imagery was essential for locating the positions of these selected areas on ERTS digital tapes. The recognition process was successful for each type of vegetation which had a dense green canopy such as forests, corn, and soybeans. Bare soil was also recognizable as a category
Economic evaluation of crop acreage estimation by multispectral remote sensing
The author has identified the following significant results. Photointerpretation of S190A and S190B imagery showed significantly better resolution with the S190B system. A small tendancy to underestimate acreage was observed. This averaged 6 percent and varied with field size. The S190B system had adequate resolution for acreage measurement but the color film did not provide adequate contrast to allow detailed classification of ground cover from imagery of a single date. In total 78 percent of the fields were correctly classified but with 56 percent correct for the major crop, corn
Exploring the Unitarity Triangle through CP violation observables in
We discuss the determination of the CKM parameters from the forthcoming
violation observables in decays. Combining the information on
mixing induced CP violation in , with the
precision observable and the -- mixing phase
, we propose a determination of the unitarity triangle . Computing the penguin parameters within QCD
factorization yield precise determination of , reflected
by a weak dependence on the which is shown as a second order effect.
The impact of the direct CP violation observable on the penguin
parameters are investigated and a lower bound on is extracted. We also
discuss the effect of the -- new physics mixing phase on
the penguin parameters and . Using the SU(3)-flavour
symmetry argument and the current -factories data provided by the modes, we complement the CP-violating
observables in a variety of ways, in particular we find that .
Finally we analyze systematically the SU(3)-symmetry breaking factor within QCD
factorization.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures, typos corrected, reference and some remarks
adde
Photon polarization in radiative B decays
We study decay distributions in B -> K pi pi gamma, combining contributions
from several overlapping resonances in a K pi pi mass range near 1400 MeV,
(1^+) K_1(1400), (2^+) K^*_2(1430) and (1^-) K^*(1410). A method is proposed
for using these distributions to determine a photon polarization parameter in
the effective radiative weak Hamiltonian. This parameter is measured through an
up-down asymmetry of the photon direction relative to the K pi pi decay plane.
We calculate a dominant up-down asymmetry of 0.33 +- 0.05 from the K1(1400)
resonance, which can be measured with about 10^8 B B-bar pairs, thus providing
a new test for the Standard Model and a probe for some of its extensions.Comment: 22 pages, 3 figures, version to appear in Phys. Rev.
Testing QCD factorisation and charming penguins in charmless
We try a global fit of the experimental branching ratios and CP-asymmetries
of the charmless decays according to QCD factorisation. We find it
impossible to reach a satisfactory agreement, the confidence level (CL) of the
best fit is smaller than .1 %.
The main reason for this failure is the difficulty to accomodate several
large experimental branching ratios of the strange channels. Furthermore,
experiment was not able to exclude a large direct CP asymmetry in , which is predicted very small by QCD factorisation.
Trying a fit with QCD factorisation complemented by a charming-penguin inspired
model we reach a best fit which is not excluded by experiment (CL of about 8 %)
but is not fully convincing.
These negative results must be tempered by the remark that some of the
experimental data used are recent and might still evolve significantly.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figures; several typos corrected, added one footnote and
two references, comments added about PQCD. To appear in Phys.Rev.
P and CP violation in B physics
While the Kobayashi--Maskawa single phase origin of CP violation passed its
first crucial precision test in , the chirality of weak
-quark couplings has not yet been carefully tested. We discuss recent
proposals for studying the chiral and CP-violating structure of these couplings
in radiative and in hadronic B decays.Comment: 15 pages, talk at PASCOS'03, Tata Inst., Mumbai, Jan. 200
Direct CP Violation, Branching Ratios and Form Factors , in Decays
The and transitions involved in hadronic B decays are
investigated in a phenomenological way through the framework of QCD
factorization. By comparing our results with experimental branching ratios from
the BELLE, BABAR and CLEO Collaborations for all the B decays including either
a pion or a kaon, we propose boundaries for the transition form factors and depending on the CKM matrix element parameters and
. From this analysis, the form factors required to reproduce the
experimental data for branching ratios are and
. We calculate the direct CP violating asymmetry
parameter, , for and decays, in the case where mixing effects are taken into
account. Based on these results, we find that the direct CP asymmetry for
, ,
, and , reaches its maximum when the invariant mass is
in the vicinity of the meson mass. The inclusion of
mixing provides an opportunity to erase, without ambiguity, the phase
uncertainty mod in the determination of the CKM angles in case
of and in case of .Comment: 74 pages, 15 figures, 8 tables. A few misprints corrected, two
references adde
Studies on a case of high non-disjunction in Drosophila melanogaster
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/47587/1/438_2005_Article_BF01847144.pd
Effects of Two Species of VA Mycorrhizal Fungi on Drought Tolerance of Winter Wheat
Roots and soils from western Nebraska fields of native and planted grasslands, and winter wheat of varied fallow-wheat cultivation duration, were evaluated for vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal root infection and spore numbers and types. Increased cultivation decreased percentage mycorrhizal infection in wheat and reduced spore numbers of Glomus fasciculatus, the dominant VA mycorrhizal fungus in these soils. Spore numbers of other VA mycorrhizal fungi did not change significantly with cultivation although mean numbers of G. mosseae increased with continued wheat production. Water relations and growth were determined for greenhouse-grown non-mycorrhizal, G. fasciculatus-infected, and G. mosseae-infected wheat in wet and dry soils. Stomatal conductances were higher in mycorrhizal than in non-mycorrhizal plants in both wet and dry treatments. Stomatal closure in mycorrhizal plants occurred at lower leaf water potentials (ψ1) and after greater desiccation than in non-mycorrhizal plants, but some leaves of G. masseae-infected plants showed no stomatal response to drought and continued to transpire at ψ1 as low as -4◦1 MPa. Leaf osmotic adjustment was greater for G. fasciculatus-infected plants. Non-mycorrhizal and G. fasciculatus-infected plants had equal dry wts in both wet and dry conditions. Infection by G. fasciculatus appeared to increase wheat drought tolerance while infection by G. mosseae did not
An Expert Consensus Statement on the Management of Large Chondral and Osteochondral Defects in the Patellofemoral Joint
© The Author(s) 2020. Background: Cartilage lesions of the patellofemoral joint constitute a frequent abnormality. Patellofemoral conditions are challenging to treat because of complex biomechanics and morphology. Purpose: To develop a consensus statement on the functional anatomy, indications, donor graft considerations, surgical treatment, and rehabilitation for the management of large chondral and osteochondral defects in the patellofemoral joint using a modified Delphi technique. Study Design: Consensus statement. Methods: A working group of 4 persons generated a list of statements related to the functional anatomy, indications, donor graft considerations, surgical treatment, and rehabilitation for the management of large chondral and osteochondral defects in the patellofemoral joint to form the basis of an initial survey for rating by a group of experts. The Metrics of Osteochondral Allografts (MOCA) expert group (composed of 28 high-volume cartilage experts) was surveyed on 3 occasions to establish a consensus on the statements. In addition to assessing agreement for each included statement, experts were invited to propose additional statements for inclusion or to suggest modifications of existing statements with each round. Predefined criteria were used to refine statement lists after each survey round. Statements reaching a consensus in round 3 were included within the final consensus document. Results: A total of 28 experts (100% response rate) completed 3 rounds of surveys. After 3 rounds, 36 statements achieved a consensus, with over 75% agreement and less than 20% disagreement. A consensus was reached in 100.00% of the statements relating to functional anatomy of the patellofemoral joint, 88.24% relating to surgical indications, 100.00% relating to surgical technical aspects, and 100.00% relating to rehabilitation, with an overall consensus of 95.5%. Conclusion: This study established a strong expert consensus document relating to the functional anatomy, surgical indications, donor graft considerations for osteochondral allografts, surgical technical aspects, and rehabilitation concepts for the management of large chondral and osteochondral defects in the patellofemoral joint. Further research is required to clinically validate the established consensus statements and better understand the precise indications for surgery as well as which techniques and graft processing/preparation methods should be used based on patient- and lesion-specific factors
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