Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli strains in dairy farm wastewater in Chiang Mai

We investigated the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli strains in dairy farm wastewater in Chiang Mai, Thailand. We analyzed wastewater samples collected from 150 dairy farms and found that 88.7% of the farms (n = 133) were positive for ESBL-producing E. coli. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was performed to characterize the presence of bla CTX-M, bla TEM, and blaSHV in ESBL-producing isolates. blaCTX-M was found in all isolates (n = 133), followed by blaTEM (80/133, 60.2%), whereas blaSHV was not detected in any isolate. blaCTX-M and blaTEM were present in 60.2% (80/133) of the isolates, and 39.8% (53/133) isolates carried bla CTX-M alone. Subgroup analysis showed that CTX-M-1 was the most prevalent subgroup among the isolates (129/133, 97.0%), followed by CTX-M-8 (2/133, 1.5%) and CTX-M-9 (2/133, 1.5%). The distribution of the phylogenetic groups was as follows: group A (100/133, 75.2%), followed by B1 (14/133, 10.5%), D (6/133, 4.5%), F (6/133, 4.5%), B2 (4/133, 3.0%), and E (3/133, 2.3%). Based on enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) and dendrogram analysis, 24 isolates were classified into clades I (n = 21), II (n =1), and III (n =2). Minor genetic differences were found in all clade I isolates. Our data suggest that the circulating of ESBL-producing E. coli carried at least one bla gene strain distributed in dairy farm wastewater in Chiang Mai

A Study on Thai Chinese Mini Novels from the Chinese - Thai Cultural Perspectives

泰国的佛教和社会政治对泰华文学有很大的影响，泰华文学吸收了中泰两种不同的文化，具有独特的文化内涵，形成了别具一格的艺术特点。泰华文学微型小说在泰华文学中具有重要地位，尽管它篇幅较小、但语言精湛、结构灵巧，生动地展现了中泰文化认同的矛盾、冲突与建构的过程。与此同时，泰华文学微型小说还体现出外来文化与本土文化融合的现象及中泰双重乡土认同现象。本文通过阅读、分析相关文学作品，试图总结归纳出泰华文学微型小说的文化内涵、题材选择特点及创作艺术特点、最终从政治因素、区域文化与民族性格、泰国华人的身份认同这三个方面揭示出形成泰华文学特点的原因。Thai Buddhism and social politics have a great influence on Thai-Chinese literature. Thai and Chinese culture, which are two different styles, were assimilated in Thai-Chinese literature. Unique cultural connotations lie in those works, forming an individual artistic characteristics. The mini novels of Thai-Chinese literature attains an important position. Although the length is limited, but the ...学位：汉语国际教育硕士院系专业：海外教育学院_汉语国际教育硕士学号：2652010115001

Molecular characterization of porcine parvovirus 1 based on partial VP2 gene in the ovaries of Thai pigs

Porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) is the causative agent of swine reproductive disease, particularly in naive gilts and sows. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of the partial nucleotide sequence of the VP2 gene and to compare the substitution of amino acid residues that affect relevant biological properties. The prevalence of PPV1 was found to be 12% (12/100) when the viral genome was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Determination of the genetic diversity of a partial nucleotide sequence of the VP2 gene through phylogenetic analysis indicated that a single cluster of Thai PPV1s was allocated on the phylogenetic tree. According to a comparison of the substitution of amino acid residues that affected the biological properties at 378, 383, 365, and 436 of the VP2 capsid protein between the 12 Thai PPV1s, the Kresse strain (a surrogate pathogenic strain), and the NADL-2 strain (a surrogate nonpathogenic strain). It was determined that the substitution of amino acid residues at 378, 383, and 436 of 12 Thai PPV2s was identical to those of the Kresse strains. The substitution of amino acid residues at 436 of the 12 Thai PPV1s was similar to that of a proven virulent strain in vivo. Additionally, substituting amino acid residue at 320 of the VP2 capsid protein revealed that seven Thai PPV1s were associated with isoleucine PPV1s and identical to that of both surrogate strains, whereas five Thai PPV1s were associated with threonine. This outcome was similar to what had been deposited in GenBank. Our data suggest that Thai PPV1s isolated from the ovaries of pigs raised in Chiang Mai may have originated from the Kresse strains. Based on a change of VP2 capsid protein that occurred amongst the substitution amino acid residue at 320 of the VP2 capsid protein, viruses found in this region were determined to be similar to those found in other areas. This was likely because the viruses had adapted to evade the immune systems of animals

Investigating porcine parvoviruses genogroup 2 infection using in situ polymerase chain reaction

Abstract Background Porcine parvovirus 2 (PPV2) was detected in swine serum without showing any relationship with disease. The emergence of the virus seemed to be a unique event until other genetically highly similar parvoviruses were identified in China and, later in 2012, the presence of the virus was also described in Europe. PPV2 is widely distributed in pig populations where it is suspected to be involved in respiratory conditions, based on its frequent detection in lung samples. In order to investigate the potential pathogenic involvement of PPV2, 60 dead pigs were examined from two farms. They were necropsied and tested for PPV2 and PCV2 (Porcine circovirus type 2) by PCR; by Brown and Brenn (B&B) staining for bacteria; by immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect CD3, Swine leukocyte antigen class II DQ (SLAIIDQ), lysozyme, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza (SIV), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo); and by in situ hybridization (ISH) to detect ssDNA and dsDNA of PCV2. PPV2 positive samples were subjected to in situ polymerase chain reaction (IS-PCR) including double staining method to detect PPV2 and host cell markers. To calculate statistical difference we used GENMOD or LOGISTIC procedures in Statistical Analysis System (SAS®). Results We found that the PPV2 was localized mostly in lymphocytes in lungs, lymph nodes and liver. Neither CD3 antigen nor lysozyme was expressed by these infected cells. In contrast, low levels of SLAIIDQ were expressed by infected cells, suggesting that PPV2 may have a specific tropism for immature B lymphocytes and/or NK lymphocytes though possibly not T lymphocytes. Conclusion The overall conclusion of this study indicates that PPV2 may contribute to the pathogenesis of pneumonia

Steps of Cooperative Learning on Social Networking by Integrating Instructional Design based on Constructivist Approach

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to study the process and steps of cooperative learning on social networking with integrated instructional design for learning based on Constructivist approach. Three groups of samples were selected from the experts in Collaborative learning, Instructional design and Social networking by using questionnaires and interviews as the instruments. The results found that there are 5 steps of processes from Cooperative learning; 1. Analysis. This step consists of contexts, learners and problems described by learners with assigned appropriate tasks to them and giving key concepts. 2. Design. To determine learning goals, identify learning sequences and assess learners by context-driven evaluation were considered in this steps 3. Development. Construct learning resource was used in order to develop learners. 4. Implementation. Instructors focus on consulting and facilitating. On the other hands, learners play an important role in directing and controlling emphasizing problem solving. From step 2 to 4, instructors evaluate in the topic of teacher –student interaction, student-student interaction and student-materials interaction involved with situation analysis, appropriate task, grouping, bridge, question and presentation. 5. Evaluation. Study how students learn with expectation on student roles. Social networking online used in cooperative learning is Blogs, Wikis, Photo sharing, video sharing, instant message and Social networking sites

The Preparation of Hydroxyl-Terminated Deproteinized Natural Rubber Latex by Photochemical Reaction Utilizing Nanometric TiO₂ Depositing on Quartz Substrate as a Photocatalyst

Hydroxyl-terminated natural rubber (HTNR) is a product of interest for making natural rubber (NR) easy and versatile for use in a wide range of applications. Photochemical degradation using a TiO2 film that has been deposited on a glass substrate is one of the fascinating methods of producing HTNR. Nevertheless, light energy is wasted during the photodegradation process because a glass substrate has a cutoff for ultraviolet light. To enhance the effectiveness of the process, a quartz substrate was coated with the TiO2 film for photochemical breakdown. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were applied to investigate the TiO2 deposited on glass and quartz substrates. In addition, the influence of several factors, such as rubber and surfactant concentrations, on the reaction was investigated. After the reaction, the properties of the rubber products, including intrinsic viscosity, molecular weight, and microstructure, were determined. A unique diffraction peak for the anatase (101) phase could be observed in the TiO2 film deposited on the quartz substrate, resulting in photochemical activity and photocatalytic efficiency significantly higher than those of the substrate made of glass. In the scenario of deproteinized NR (DPNR) latex containing 10% DRC, 20% w/w H2O2, and TiO2 film coated on a quartz substrate, the HTNR could be manufactured effectively

Ontogenic Development of Digestive Enzymes in Mealworm Larvae (Tenebrio molitor) and Their Suitable Harvesting Time for Use as Fish Feed

Mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor) are edible insects consumed in feed and food. In the current study, the optimal harvesting time of mealworm larvae for use as aquafeed was investigated during the ages of 30–90 days after hatching (DAH). Development of digestive enzymes, proximate composition, and in vitro protein digestibility using digestive enzymes from African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), were used as criteria. The specific activities of pepsin and trypsin significantly decreased with age (p < 0.05) from the first harvesting time until 50 and 45 DAH, respectively, while steadiness in these enzyme activities was observed onwards. Chymotrypsin specific activity appeared constant across all harvesting times. The specific activity of amylase significantly decreased in the later stages of development, while cellulase exhibited a different pattern suggesting it has a major role in dietary fiber utilization relative to starch. Regarding proximate compositions of the mealworm larvae, the moisture and ash contents decreased significantly with age, while the protein content exhibited the opposite trend with the highest contents from 60 to 90 DAH. Crude lipid was generally fairly constant, but its lowest value was observed in the earliest stage. In vitro protein digestibility was not significantly different across all harvesting times for both fish species, except for the significantly decreased digestibility value at 65 DAH relative to 30 and 35 DAH for Nile tilapia. However, based on the economic benefits of time for growth increment and proximate chemical composition, approximately 60 DAH is proposed as suitable for harvesting mealworm larvae to be used in fish feed

Optimal Feeding Frequency for Captive Hawksbill Sea Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)

Hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) has been reared in head-starting captivity programs, while the feeding regimens have never been optimized. In the current study, the feeding frequency of hawksbill sea turtle was investigated in indoor experimental conditions. Two-month-old turtles (38.98 ± 0.02 g) were distributed to triplicates of five treatments containing three turtles each and they were fed at different frequencies: one meal daily at 12.00 h (1M12), two meals daily at 08.00 and 12.00 h (2M8–12), two meals daily at 08.00 and 16.00 h (2M8–16), two meals daily at 12.00 and 16.00 h (2M12–16), or three meals daily at 08.00, 12.00 and 16.00 h (3M8–12–16). At the end of an 8-week trial, growth performance (specific growth rate 2.39 ± 0.02% body weight day−1) and feed consumption (feeding rate 2.00 ± 0.43 g day−1) were highest for turtles fed 2M8–16, followed by 2M12–16 or 3M8–12–16 relative to the other treatments (p ˂ 0.05). These treatments had significantly higher trypsin specific activity and trypsin/chymotrypsin ratio, and vice versa for lipase specific activity and amylase/trypsin ratio, relative to the remaining treatments. These match well with the fecal thermal properties that indicate amounts of available and unavailable nutrients present in the feces. Hematological parameters and carapace elemental composition showed no negative effects to turtles in 2M8–16 treatment. Therefore, two meals daily with long time interval were optimal for feeding hawksbill sea turtle. Findings from the current study could be directly used as a feeding guideline supporting the head-starting programs of this species