Panta Rhei benchmark dataset: socio-hydrological data of paired events of floods and droughts

As the adverse impacts of hydrological extremes increase in many regions of the world, a better understanding of the drivers of changes in risk and impacts is essential for effective flood and drought risk management and climate adaptation. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive, empirical data about the processes, interactions and feedbacks in complex human-water systems leading to flood and drought impacts. Here we present a benchmark dataset containing socio-hydrological data of paired events, i.e., two floods or two droughts that occurred in the same area. The 45 paired events occurred in 42 different study areas and cover a wide range of socio-economic and hydro-climatic conditions. The dataset is unique in covering both floods and droughts, in the number of cases assessed, and in the quantity of socio-hydrological data. The benchmark dataset comprises: 1) detailed review style reports about the events and key processes between the two events of a pair; 2) the key data table containing variables that assess the indicators which characterise management shortcomings, hazard, exposure, vulnerability and impacts of all events; 3) a table of the indicators-of-change that indicate the differences between the first and second event of a pair. The advantages of the dataset are that it enables comparative analyses across all the paired events based on the indicators-of-change and allows for detailed context- and location-specific assessments based on the extensive data and reports of the individual study areas. The dataset can be used by the scientific community for exploratory data analyses e.g. focused on causal links between risk management, changes in hazard, exposure and vulnerability and flood or drought impacts. The data can also be used for the development, calibration and validation of socio-hydrological models. The dataset is available to the public through the GFZ Data Services (Kreibich et al. 2023, link for review: https://dataservices.gfz-potsdam.de/panmetaworks/review/923c14519deb04f83815ce108b48dd2581d57b90ce069bec9c948361028b8c85/).</p

バングラデシュ国で発生したサイクロン・アイラ後の社会復興に関する特性、診断解析および評価に関する研究

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(工学)甲第21724号工博第4541号新制||工||1708(附属図書館)京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻(主査)教授 中川 一, 教授 平石 哲也, 准教授 川池 健司学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering)Kyoto UniversityDFA

Polder to De-polder: an Innovative Sediment Management in Tidal Basin in the Southwestern Bangladesh

The southwest region of Bangladesh has been affected by the perennial waterlogging due to excessive riverbed siltation. An introduction of tidal basin concept by temporary de-poldering at some places has significantly protected the circumstances. The paper looks at the historical practice of sediment management, the evolution of polder and depolder, and investigates some technical aspects evolving the processes. The temporary restoration of tidal flooding by de-poldering has started from age-old practice, proves technically one of the effective methods of sustainable water/sediment management in the tide-dominated river system. Although an embankment along the coast is required, sediment management is also essential for sustainability. It is the example of building with nature and a resilient measure for water-logging, drainage congestion, and river siltation

A Study on the Humanitarian Aid Driven Cyclone Aila (2009) Recovery in Koyra Upazila of Bangladesh

The post-disaster recovery with the new dimension of building back better is still a new concept in disaster management practice in Bangladesh. This research attempted to examine the cyclone Aila recovery process in Koyra upazila of Bangladesh. Since the cyclone hit in 2009, a large number of NGOs and humanitarian organizations have been promoting recovery in the affected area. The research adopted a composite methodology of field based disaster management research. The method included institutional survey, expert interview and Focus Group Discussion with local people with an aim of understanding overall recovery process and evaluating the outcome of the NGOs activities. The result shows that NGOs activities are mostly focused on short-term measures to promote early recovery. Moreover, the research identifies weaknesses in existing NGO coordination mechanism at the local level which impede achieving aid effectiveness in recovery

A Study on Cyclone Aila Recovery in Koyra, Bangladesh: Evaluating the Inclusiveness of Recovery with Respect to Predisaster Vulnerability Reduction

Abstract The need to consider disaster risk reduction at the time of recovery is well-recognized. Viable disaster risk reduction measures should resolve the root causes of predisaster vulnerabilities. Accordingly, we investigated the recovery from the impact of Cyclone Aila in Koyra Upazila, Bangladesh, which was severely damaged by this 2009 cyclone. Our research focused on understanding pre-Aila vulnerabilities to cyclone impact and examined the degree of inclusion of vulnerability reduction measures within the recovery process. A composite methodology that included an institutional survey, key informant interviews, collection of the judgment of experts, focus group discussions, and a score-based quantification technique was adopted. Through a process of understanding pre-Aila vulnerabilities, recognition of the root causes of these inherent weaknesses, and identification of appropriate measures for pre-Aila vulnerability reduction, a set of 23 indicators were selected to represent the most desirable vulnerability reduction measures to implement during recovery. A score-based technique was applied to measure the degree of inclusion of vulnerability reduction within the recovery with respect to the indicators. The scoring result shows that the degree of inclusion of vulnerability reduction within the recovery was poor. The result specifies that among the 23 indicators of potential vulnerability reduction measures, 10 are completely missing and the rest are only partially included. The overall findings imply that the Koyra community continues to live with a vulnerability similar to that of the pre-Aila period

Measuring Progress of Recovery from People's Perception: A Study on Cyclone Aila Recovery in Koyra, Bangladesh

This research presents the study on assessing cyclone Aila recovery in Koyra, Bangladesh. It aimed at measuring the progress of recovery from people's perception. A score-based quantification methodology was developed to this aim which included a series of focus group discussion and a scoring technique to construct synthetic recovery curve from peoples' perception. Prevailing condition of different sectors (local economy, coastal polders, etc.) in different years (2009, 2010, 2012, 2014, and 2017-18) since cyclone Aila hit was quantified following the score-based assessment technique. This allowed to illustrate the changes of sectoral condition as the recovery evolved. The research is still ongoing as a part of an academic programs. This paper only presents the initial findings of the recovery assessment with a case study on progress of economic recovery and recovery of coastal polder. The preliminary results show that there is a sign of improvement of economic condition than that of before Aila hit. On the other hand, the condition of coastal polder is weaker than before Aila

Dealer-customer partnership in rice production demonstration: Assessment of private extension system in Bangladesh

Traditional public extension worker-farmer cooperation in rice production demonstration is not working efficiently, therefore, private partnership-based demonstration has been attempted to introduce as its alternative very recently involving dealer-customer farmer. The study evaluated the private extension services rendered through dealer-customer farmer cooperation in Bangladesh. Thirty-three rice seed dealers and ninety-two customer farmers formed the samples for the study. Face-to-face interviews were employed as a quantitative method while focus group discussion was used as a qualitative method in the present study. Involving in the private rice production demonstration approach, customer farmers indicated high profit, greater involvement in decision-making, and improved marketing skills as the major advantages; while the dealers stressed the benefit received by the small farmers, improvement in their decision-making capacity and increased local rice production. However, the slow distribution of inputs during the production period was a weakness in the arrangement, which was mostly because of the dealers' lack of understanding of the customer farmers’ needs. The private extension system being a new concept in the country may be observed over a period and gradually extended to the nooks and crannies of the country

Assessing the societal adoptability of participatory water management: an application of the Motivation and Ability (MOTA) framework

Exploring whether society is sufficiently equipped and motivated to adopt planned interventions is vital for modern plan development trajectories. The Motivation and Ability (MOTA) framework offers a tool to assess the societal adoptability of plans by exploring stakeholders' motivations and abilities. It was originally developed to assess plan implementation feasibility for structural measures of flood management in the Mekong Delta. Further development is necessary before applying the tool in other contexts and for other types of planning interventions. Institutional measures like participatory water management (PWM) have long been recognized as essential elements for water management, but have so far also remained out of the reach of conventional planning assessment tools such as cost-benefit or cost-effectiveness analyses. This research, therefore, aims at extending the MOTA tool in the context of PWM reforms in Bangladesh. It does this by, first, further detailing the MOTA components and identifying indicators for quantification and, second, an expert validation and application of this framework for coastal communities in Bangladesh. Our results suggest that the MOTA framework is capable of informing policymakers and implementing agencies about how to enhance the stakeholders' motivation and ability to ensure an enduring implementation of PWM reforms.Policy Analysi

Overcoming challenges for implementing nature-based solutions in deltaic environments: insights from the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta in Bangladesh

The Ganges-Brahmaputra (GB) delta is one of the most disaster-prone areas in the world due to a combination of high population density and exposure to tropical cyclones, floods, salinity intrusion and other hazards. Due to the complexity of natural deltaic processes and human influence on these processes, structural solutions like embankments are inadequate on their own for effective hazard mitigation. This article examines nature-based solutions (NbSs) as a complementary or alternative approach to managing hazards in the GB delta. We investigate the potential of NbS as a complementary and sustainable method for mitigating the impacts of coastal disaster risks, mainly cyclones and flooding. Using the emerging framework of NbS principles, we evaluate three existing approaches: tidal river management, mangrove afforestation, and oyster reef cultivation, all of which are actively being used to help reduce the impacts of coastal hazards. We also identify major challenges (socioeconomic, biophysical, governance and policy) that need to be overcome to allow broader application of the existing approaches by incorporating the NbS principles. In addition to addressing GB delta-specific challenges, our findings provide more widely applicable insights into the challenges of implementing NbS in deltaic environments globally