Hidden Complications of Thought Suppression

Although the suppression of thoughts may seem to be an effective solution, this strategy can lead to an exacerbation of the very thought that one is attempting to suppress. This ironic effect is the most obvious unwanted outcome of suppression and has now been investigated empirically for more than two decades. However, the fact that suppression is an effortful process implies that, even when suppression does not lead to an ironic rebound of the unwanted thought, it puts an insidious cognitive load on the individual attempting to suppress. Moreover, whether or not suppression leads to an exacerbation of the unwanted thought, it is rarely successful, and hence adds to the individual's distress. In this article we describe the phenomenon of suppression and consider how it might complicate a range of emotional disorders. Taken together, studies on thought suppression in psychopathology present a more nuanced picture now than was emerging in the early years of its investigation. Some evidence is consistent with the idea that the counterproductive effects of suppression are causally implicated in the disorder, but for the most part a more parsimonious conclusion is that thought suppression acts as a complication of the disorder. In certain disorders, suppression complicates the disorder by leading to an ironic rebound of the unwanted thoughts. In all disorders, the cost of undertaking suppression is a persistent cognitive load, which, in turn undermines the ability to suppress, and hence sets off a cycle of failed expectations and distress.Psycholog

Dynamic of Two-phase Dusty Nanofluid Flow Past a Vertical Wavy Surface

An analysis is performed to study two-phase natural convection flow with heat transfer of nanofluid along a vertical way surface. The model includes equations expressing conservation of total mass, momentum and thermal energy for two-phase nano fluid. Primitive variable formulations (PVF) are used to transform the dimensionless boundary layer equations into convenient coordinate system and resulting equations are integrated numerically via implicit finite difference iterative scheme. The effects of the controlling parameters on the dimensionless quantities such as skin friction coeffcient, rate of heat transfer and rate of mass transfer are explored. It is concluded from present analysis, that the diffusivity ratio parameter, NA and particle-density increment number, NB has pronounced effect in reduction of heat transfer rate

The n-exponential convexity for majorization inequality for functions of two variables and related results

We apply the refined method of producing n-exponential convex functions of J. Pečarić and J. Perić to extend some known results on majorization type and related inequalities

Managing Unwanted Intrusive Thoughts In Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Relative Effectiveness Of Suppression, Focused-Distraction, and Acceptance

Suppression is one of various mental control techniques that people may use to manage unwanted thoughts. Evidence suggests that it is at best unsustainable and at worst counterproductive. This leads to the question: If suppression is a futile way to respond to unwanted, intrusive, thoughts, what is a more effective alternative? In the current study, we evaluated the relative effectiveness of suppression and two alternative mental control techniques—focused distraction and acceptance—on the frequency of intrusions and distress associated with them. Results support the claim that suppression is a counterproductive technique for dealing with unwanted, intrusive thoughts in OCD. However, the harmfulness of suppression was reflected primarily in the magnitude of distress and not in intrusion frequency. Focused distraction and acceptance were the more effective techniques for managing clinically significant intrusive thoughts. We discuss implications for the cognitive treatment for OCD.Psycholog

Knowledge, attitude and response towards complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among academicians of faculty of medicine and health sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is the most popular medicine in Health Sciences. Different countries use different modalities of CAM. Doctors of modern medicine usually prohibit patients from using CAM due to lack of evidence of CAM. Physicians and medical students need to have adequate information about CAM so that they will able to advise the patients, inform them about advantages and disadvantages of CAM and provide answer to their questions. The present study was designed to assess the knowledge, attitude and response about CAM among academicians at Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Out of 112 academicians, eighty one (81) participated in this study. Data was collected using validated structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed by structural equation modeling using SPSS AMOS Graphics version 22 and SPSS version 16. The results showed that academicians had the knowledge of all the modalities of CAM like acupuncture, massage therapy, homeopathy, prayer, herbal, yoga, Ayurveda, reflexology. Thirty three (40.7%) academicians agreed that CAM has fewer side effects. More than 40% of the academicians had positive attitude towards CAM. Thirty three (40.7%) academicians responded that the suggestion of CAM modalities to the patient is not the responsibility of a doctor. Though the academicians had the knowledge and positive attitude towards CAM, they did not fully support this medicine. This could be due to lack of evidence-based research of CAM and their conventional medical backgrounds. As this study focused only on one University, it is essential to further extend the study by including other Universities in Malaysia to get the complete picture of the knowledge, attitude and response of the academicians’ towards CAM before proper conclusions can be drawn. KEYWORDS: CAM, knowledge, attitude, response, academician