Extraction, purification and analysis of thermal stability of xylose isomerase

Thermostable enzymes are the enzymes which active even at high temperatures, such enzymes are industrially as well as biochemically very important. Xylose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.5) is one such enzyme with suitable commercial applications. It is heat stable and does not require expensive cofactors such as NAD or ATP for activity. The microorganisms producing this enzyme were isolated from hot water spring near ‘Surat’. The organisms were isolated and purified by using different screening methods. The isolated organisms were then subjected to optimum growth conditions for enzyme production. This enzyme was then assayed for its thermal stability at elevated temperatures by using DNSA

Analysis of protease activity of enzyme isolated from compost soil

Bacteria are very good source of enzymes as compared to animal or plant source and even synthetic enzymes. In the present investigation the protease activity has been analyzed. The source of enzyme i.e. protease producers were isolated from compost soil sample viz. collected from the Wanker farm field, Solapur. The protease producers were isolated, screened and grown on a suitable growth medium to obtain maximum production of enzyme. After production the crude enzyme is purified. The purified enzyme is analysed for its keratinolytic activity by using feathers

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Determination of Sensitivity and Specificity of Modified Alvarado Score and Ultrasonography in Patients with Acute Appendicitis

Background: In spite of improvement in modern diagnostic technology, diagnosis of appendix based on clinical suspicion, leads to removal of normal appendix some time, Modified Alvardo Score system is helpful in minimizing same. Aim: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of Modified Alvarado Score (MAS) and Ultrasonography (USG). Material and Methods: 350 patients suspected of acute appendicitis were admitted, investigated and treated. They were evaluated using Modified Alvarado Scoring and all cases were subjected to ultrasonography. The sensitivity and specificity of Modified Alvarado Score and Ultrasonography were correlated with histopathological findings. Results: Modified Alvarado score >7 were seen in158 patients in whom 151(95.60%) were histopathologically proved acute appendicitis and 7 (4.43%) patients were histopathologically negative. Modified Alvarado score <7 was observed in 192 patients among whom 81 (42.19%) were histopathologically proved acute appendicitis and 111 (57.81%) patients were histopathologically negative. Among 150 those with Modified Alvarado Score > 7, 152 (96.2%) were ultrasonographically diagnosed as acute appendicitis and 6(3.8%) patients were ultrasonography negative. Among 192 patients those with Modified Alvarado Score <7, 97 (50.52%) were ultrasonographically diagnosed as acute appendicitis and 111 (57.8%) patients were histopathologically negative. Conclusion: Thus it has applying Modified Alvarado Scoring system preoperatively as a protocol in patients with suspected appendicitis. The sensitivity is 98.44% for MAS and 98.33% for USG and specificity is 94.4% for Modified Alvarado Scoring and 90% for USG. In acute appendicitis, MAS is a good diagnostic indicator, and it is highly sensitive in diagnosis of appendicitis. Combined use of MAS and USG is very effective in diagnosis of appendicitis and it helps in reducing number of negative appendicectomy

Automated volume analysis of head and neck lesions on CT scans using 3D level set segmentation

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134772/1/mp4174.pd