Etiopathological study of oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma

Background: Oral cancer is thought to be the sixth most common form of cancer causing upto 50% of all malignancies in parts of India and South-East Asia, and an increasing trend in oral cancer mortality have been observed in several countries. The aim of the study was to evaluate the etiological factors contributing to oral and oropharyngeal carcinomas and its association with histopathological findings.Methods: This one year duration study was carried out on 100 patients diagnosed as oral and oropharyngeal cancer attending the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Gajra Raja Medical College and J.A. Group of Hospitals, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.Results: 98% of the patients were histologically squamous cell carcinomas, with well differentiated carcinoma being the most common i.e. 59%. The etiological factors which were found to have statistically significant association in oral cancers were poor oral hygiene, tobacco chewing and pan chewing. Other factors like cigarette/bidi smoking, alcoholism were also common.Conclusions: Any irritation or ulceration in the mouth not attributed to a recognizable causal factor and not healing within four weeks, especially in presence of risk factors must be investigated for its malignant potential. There is a need for improvement in early detection of oral and oropharyngeal carcinomas, because in the initial stages, treatment is more effective and the morbidity is minimal. Keywords:

Current therapeutic status of corticosteroid in human immunodeficiency virus patients with tuberculous meningitis

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) poses risk for severe manifestation of TB. These may be in the form of pulmonary or extra pulmonary. According to the level of immunosupression there is risk of developing tuberculous meningitis (TBM). HIV alters pathogenesis, clinical features and prognosis throwing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Anthelmintic Preparation

The present study was done with the aim to formulate an anthelmintic preparation and to evaluate anthelmintic activity of formulation containing traditionally user herbs viz., Plumbago zeylanica (leaves), Hyoscyamus niger (roots) and Abultion indicum (leaves) using adult earthworm Pheritima posthuma. The aqueous and ethanolic extract of the crude drug of different concentration were tested which involve determination of paralysis time and time to kill the worms. Piperazine citrate was used as standard and it was found that the PHFEE activity is higher than PHFAE

FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROSPHERES OF NITAZOXANIDE BY CHEMICAL CROSSLINKING METHOD

The work investigated the design and evaluation of microspheres of Nitazoxanide by Ionotropic gelation technique met. 32 Factorial designs were used and concentration of polymer carbopol-934 (X1) and Ethyl cellulose (X2) were selected as the independent variables. The surface morphology study by SEM indicated that microspheres were spherical with smooth surface. There was no interaction between the drug and polymers, as studied by FTIR study. The prepared microspheres were characterized by entrapment efficiency, particle size micromeritic properties. It was observed that on increasing polymer concentration of formulations, % yield, the entrapment efficiency and particle size were increased whereas % drug release decreased. The In Vitro release study was done using U.S.P. dissolution rate basket type apparatus in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 for 10 hr. It shows that on increasing polymer concentration the drug release of all formulations was gradually decreased. In Vitro mucoadhesion study depicts that as the polymer concentration increased, mucoadhesive nature of the formulation was also increased. The microspheres of NTZ (formulation F9) showed best results due to highest drug entrapment efficiency (85.50%), and percentage drug release after 10.0 hr. was 50.25%. The rate of release followed First order kinetics. The microspheres exhibits good mucoadhesive properties in  in- vitro wash-off test at pH 7.4 (Intestinal pH) than pH 1.2 (gastric pH),because the drug was completely absorbed in Gastrointestinal tract, Therefore, it can be concluded that Nitazoxanide Loaded algino-carbopol-934 microspheres can be formulated for sustained drug delivery of Nitazoxanide used in Chronic Hipatitis-C. Keywords: Mucoadhesive microspheres, Nitazoxanide, Carbopol-934, Ethyl cellulose, Sodium Alginate, Factorial design

Erosion of Trust in the Medical Profession in India : Time for Doctors to Act

In India, over the last decade, a series of stewardship failures in the health system, particularly in the medical profession, have led to a massive erosion of trust in these institutions. In many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the situation is similar and has reached crisis proportions; this crisis requires urgent attention. This paper draws on the insights from the recent developments in India, to argue that a purely control-based regulatory response to this crisis in the medical profession, as is being currently envisaged by the Parliament and the Supreme Court of India, runs the risk of undermining the trusting interpersonal relations between doctors and their patients. A more balanced approach which takes into account the differences between system and interpersonal forms of trust and distrust is warranted. Such an approach should on one hand strongly regulate the institutions mandated with the stewardship and qualities of care functions, and simultaneously on the other hand, initiate measures to nurture the trusting interpersonal relations between doctors and patients. The paper concludes by calling for doctors, and those mandated with the stewardship of the profession, to individually and collectively, critically self-reflect upon the state of their profession, its priorities and its future direction

Signatures of Stripe Phases in Hole Doped La2NiO4La_2NiO_4

We study nickelate-centered and oxygen-centered stripe phases in doped La$_{2}$NiO$_{4}$ materials. We use an inhomogeneous Hartree-Fock and random-phase approximation approach including both electron-electron and electron-lattice(e-l) coupling for a layer of La$_{2}$NiO$_{4}$. We find that whether the ground state after commensurate hole doping comprises Ni-centered or O-centered charge-localized stripes depends sensitively on the e-l interaction. With increasing e-l interaction strength, a continuous transition from an O-centered stripe phase to a Ni-centered one is found. Various low- and high-energy signatures of these two kinds of stripe phases are predicted, which can clearly distinguish them. These signatures reflect the strongly correlated spin-charge-lattice features in the vicinity of Ni-centered or O-centered stripe domains. The importance of e-l interaction for recent experiments on stripe phases is discussed.Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures, to appear in Phys.Rev.B(July 1,1998

Effects of substituting rare-earth ion R by non-magnetic impurities in R2BaNiO5R_2BaNiO_5 - theory and numerical DMRG results

In this paper we study the effect of substituting R (rare-earth ion) by non-magnetic ions in the spin-1 chain material $R_2BaNiO_5$. Using a strong-coupling expansion and numerical density matrix renormalization group calculations, we show that spin-wave bound states are formed at the impurity site. Experimental consequences of the bound states are pointed out.Comment: 5 pages, 4 postscript figure

Coexistence of Haldane gap excitations and long range antiferromagnetic order in mixed-spin nickelates R_2 Ba Ni O_5

The spin dynamics of the S=1 Ni-chains in mixed-spin antiferromagnets Pr_2 Ba Ni O_5 and Nd_x Y_2-x Ba Ni O_5 is described in terms of a simple Ginzburg-Landau Lagrangian coupled to the sublattice of rare-earth ions. Within this framework we obtain a theoretical explanation for the experimentally observed coexistence of Haldane gap excitations and long-range magnetic order, as well as for the increase of the Haldane gap energy below the Neel point. We also predict that the degeneracy of the Haldane triplet is lifted in the magnetically ordered phase. The theoretical results are consistent with the available experimental data.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, submitted to PRL An alternative derivation of main results and new references adde

Spin Dynamics in an Ordered Stripe Phase

Inelastic neutron scattering has been used to measure the low-energy spin excitations in the ordered charge-stripe phase of La(2)NiO(4+d) with d=0.133. Spin-wave-like excitations disperse away from the incommensurate magnetic superlattice points with a velocity ~60% of that in the d=0 compound. Incommensurate inelastic peaks remain well-resolved up to at least twice the magnetic ordering temperature. Paramagnetic scattering from a d=0.105 sample, which has a N\'eel-ordered ground state, shows anomalies suggestive of incipient stripe correlations. Similarities between these results and measurements on superconducting cuprates are discussed.Comment: 5 pp, 2 col., REVTeX, 4 epsf figures embedded with psfig; Abstract and introduction have been revise

Stripe orders in the extended Hubbard model

We study stripe orders of charge and spin density waves in the extended Hubbard model with the nearest-neighbor Coulomb repulsion V within the mean field approximation. We obtain V vs. T(temperature) phase diagram for the on-site Coulomb interaction U/t=8.0 and the filling n=0.8, here t is a nearest-neighbor transfer energy. Our result shows that the diagonal stripe spin density wave state (SDW) is stable for small V, but for large V the most stable state changes to a charge density wave-antiferromagnetic (CDW-AF) state. Especially we find at low temperature and for a certain range of value of V, a vertical stripe CDW-AF state becomes stable.Comment: LaTeX 9 pages, 17 figures, uses jpsj.st