Il-6 Serum Levels and Production Is Related to an Altered Immune Response in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Girls with Insulin Resistance

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is frequently characterized by obesity and metabolic diseases including hypertension, insulin resistance, and diabetes in adulthood, all leading to an increased risk of atherosclerosis. The present study aimed to evaluate serum and production of inflammatory markers in adolescent Sardinian PCOS. On the basis of HOMA findings, patients were divided into noninsulin resistant (NIR) and insulin resistant (IR), and were weight- and age-matched with healthy girls. Inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, Il-10, TGF-β) and lipokines (leptin, adiponectin), the reactant hs-CRP, and in vitro inflammatory lympho-monocyte response to microbial stimulus were evaluated. In healthy and PCOS subjects, leptin and hs-CRP were correlated with BMI, whereas adiponectin was significantly reduced in all PCOS groups. Although cytokines were similar in all groups, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was significantly higher in IR PCOS. Moreover, in the latter group lipopolysaccharide-activated monocytes secreted significantly higher levels of IL-6 compared to NIR and control subjects. To conclude, IR PCOS displayed increased IL-6 serum levels and higher secretion in LPS-activated monocytes, whilst revealing no differences for other inflammatory cytokines. These results suggest that in PCOS patients an altered immune response to inflammatory stimuli is present in IR, likely contributing towards determining onset of a low grade inflammation

Immunosensor development formatting for tungro disease detection using nano-gold antibody particles application

The plant disease such as Rice tungro disease (RTD) becomes a major problem in rice production and also will effect in the economy loss in the country. Therefore, to tackle this problem at early stages, the immunosensor application is a most reliable sensor nowadays because of advantages towards detecting biological molecule. Thus, in order to deal with immunosensor development, it can be done by undergoing the formation of immunosensor format on screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). Results can be elaborated with the potential applications to detect the viruses

Production and purification of antibody by immunizing rabbit with rice tungro bacilliform and rice tungro spherical viruses

Rice tungro disease is the major disease caused by infection with the rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) and rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV). In this study, New Zealand White rabbits were immunized with pure viruses for the production of antibodies against both species. The production of polyclonal antibodies against Tungro viral disease using ammonium sulfate precipitation and a protein A affinity column and their assessment are described. Two peaks were found from the protein A affinity column. Peak 1 represents the unbound compounds from the extracted serum and peak 2 represents antibody that bound to protein A, which was eluted using elution buffer. Peak 2 was collected for antibody titration. The amount of pure antibody in the titers was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to capture the tungro viruses. Antibody titer was analyzed by the ELISA method. For anti-RTBV, 1.696 mg/mL was highest at the second bleed and anti-RTSV was 2.3225 mg/mL was highest at the first bleed. These antibodies detected the tungro viral disease well and proved to be a potential probe for the detection of rice tungro disease

Determination of fixed-potential selection using chronoamperometry analysis by screen-printed carbon electrode for rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) detection

This paper describes the analysis for the determination of fixed-potential selection using chronoamperometry technique for the detection of rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV). RTBV is one of the viruses that cause Tungro disease in rice plantation where the epidemic has been reported since the mid-1960s. Thus immuno-biosensor developed here can replace traditional and conventional analytical systems. One of the important steps to develop immunosensor is to determine the best potential to use in this system to indicate high percentage of active area in conducting electron and it can be used as the best potential for future immunosensor development

High-density lipoprotein contribute to G0-G1/S transition in Swiss NIH/3T3 fibroblasts

High density lipoproteins (HDLs) play a crucial role in removing excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues. Although their concentration is lower during conditions of high cell growth rate (cancer and infections), their involvement during cell proliferation is not known. To this aim, we investigated the replicative cycles in synchronized Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts in different experimental conditions: i) contact-inhibited fibroblasts re-entering cell cycle after dilution; ii) scratch-wound assay; iii) serum deprived cells induced to re-enter G1 by FCS, HDL or PDGF. Analyses were performed during each cell cycle up to quiescence. Cholesterol synthesis increased remarkably during the replicative cycles, decreasing only after cells reached confluence. In contrast, cholesteryl ester (CE) synthesis and content were high at 24h after dilution and then decreased steeply in the successive cycles. Flow cytometry analysis of DiO-HDL, as well as radiolabeled HDL pulse, demonstrated a significant uptake of CE-HDL in 24h. DiI-HDL uptake, lipid droplets (LDs) and SR-BI immunostaining and expression followed the same trend. Addition of HDL or PDGF partially restore the proliferation rate and significantly increase SR-BI and pAKT expression in serum-deprived cells. In conclusion, cell transition from G0 to G1/S requires CE-HDL uptake, leading to CE-HDL/SR-BI pathway activation and CEs increase into LDs

Immunosensor development formatting for tungro disease detection using nano-gold antibody particles application

The plant disease such as Rice tungro disease (RTD) becomes a major problem in rice production and also will effect in the economy loss in the country. Therefore, to tackle this problem at early stages, the immunosensor application is a most reliable sensor nowadays because of advantages towards detecting biological molecule. Thus, in order to deal with immunosensor development, it can be done by undergoing the formation of immunosensor format on screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). Results can be elaborated with the potential applications to detect the viruses

Immunosensor development for rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) detection using antibody nano-gold conjugate

Rice tungro disease (RTD) causes major losses to rice crop plantation. Hence, a highly sensitive tools need to be developed for the detection of RTD which can be employed in both laboratory and field. An electrochemical immunosensor system for the detection of RTD, based on immobilized specific antibodies conjugated with gold nanoparticle was developed for this purpose. However, this paper focus for RTBV interaction using the conjugated antibodies which is added with polymer and deposited on carbon screen printed working electrodes

Abnormal macrophage response to microbial stimulus in a 43-year-old man with a severe form of atherosclerosis: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>New evidence indicates infections are emerging as risk factors for atherosclerosis although their specific role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis is still unclear.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 43-year-old Caucasian man who had been treated for four years for multiple sclerosis progressively manifested systemic hypertension, polycythemia, peripheral arterial occlusion with intermittent claudication, and persistent headaches. In 2006, an instrumental analysis (magnetic resonance imaging) of our patient revealed widespread fibrocalcific atherosclerotic lesions which accounted for all his current symptoms, including those related to microbial stimulus. Two particular aspects were of interest, namely a lack of conventional cardiovascular risk factors and a negative family history for cardiovascular events. His chemical blood tests all yielded negative findings although a low positive hepatitis C virus-ribonucleic acid titer was detected. The titer had progressively increased and worsening atherosclerosis threatened the life of our patient. Interferon therapy was not appropriate for our patient due to the severe adverse effects observed shortly after its administration.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The reaction of individual cells to infections may provide an explanation as to why individuals with a similar microbial burden, corrected for the presence of other risk factors, display a different susceptibility to developing or worsening atherosclerosis. The identification of susceptible individuals and the treatment even of silent infections may provide an additional tool against atherosclerosis and its clinical complications. The evaluation of cell susceptibility before and after the correction of risk factors may contribute to the assessment of the efficacy of drug therapy.</p

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms