Impact of Leadership Style on Organization Commitment: In A Mediating Role of Employee Values

This paper aims to how leadership ship style effects the organization commitment of the employees, when the organization culture is reflecting the employee’s values in the organization. This paper is a conceptual based paper which gives theoretical evidence to support the idea. The paper also gives a brief overview of transactional leadership and transformational leadership. The results of the paper suggest that the leadership style is a strong dimension of organization commitment when organization culture of the organization represents the employees’ values in the organization. Employees are more satisfied if the organization will meet their expectations which are the part of that organization culture, so they are more committed with the organization. The paper is not giving any empirical evidence of the model. Further studies can be carried out by replacing transactional leadership with servant leadership

Organization Performance Influenced by the BSD and Consultative Management Style

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among Balanced Scorecard, consultative management style, participative management style and organization size with organizational performance. All the variables are highly correlated with each other. This is an empirical study and data is collected from 100 respondents of service sector from Azad Kashmir. We used five likert scales to collect data from the respondents and data analyzed through SPSS. The result showed that there is a significant positive correlation among variables. This study also indicates that effective management style is necessary for improving the performance of organization. The result indicates that Balanced Scorecard has significant impact on performance of organization. Organization use BSC to handle the complexity and challenges that management faces during their operations. The collection of data is from small area due to time constraint. In the future comparative study can be done with other organizations for better analysis of results

Impact of CSR, Quality of Work Life and Organizational Structure on Employee’s Performance in Pakistan

The trends of organizations are changing and demanding satisfied employees rather than dissatisfied employees. This paper provides factors through which employee’s performance can be increased to achieve organizational goals and objectives. To attract the motivated employees and building relations, CSR can perform for society which will change the thoughts of stakeholders. Quality of work life has impact on organization’s effectiveness which is essential for firms to be healthy and productive. Firms should adopt employee oriented policies which satisfies them to achieve organizational objectives. This study also indicates that effective organizational structure is necessary for improving the performance of employees and the organization. The structure is a source of success or failure because it empowers the employee which will increase the sense of responsibility. For the improvement in the organization and removing stress of the employees management must consider the hygiene factors to motivate the employees. The conceptualized work is conducted which is proved through evidence. For further study statistical analysis can be done for confirmation of the hypothesis

The impact of Diversity training on Commitment, Career satisfaction and Innovation

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between diversity training with organizational commitment, career satisfaction, and innovation in the organization. The paper builds conceptual understanding of the model. The paper takes organization commitment, career satisfaction and Innovation, as Innovation is the part of organization environment. There are many studies on diversity training but no one focused its effect of innovation. The paper concluded that employees who are trained for diversity are more committed towards their organizations, and more satisfied with their careers. The paper also concluded that diversity training has positive effect on innovation. This paper builds relationship among different variables through previous studies. Limitations of this paper are that it is not guaranteeing the empirical reliability of the model, than the research on innovation is difficult to conduct because innovation is very gradual and systematic process. While talking about the innovation in the organization, diversity training is a very technical and worth while approach for today’s organizations. The paper finds that diversity training has its effect on commitment, career satisfaction and innovation

MHC class II-restricted antigen presentation by plasmacytoid dendritic cells drives proatherogenic T cell immunity

Background—Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) bridge innate and adaptive immune responses and are important regulators of immuno-inflammatory diseases. However, their role in atherosclerosis remains elusive. Methods and Results—Here, we used genetic approaches to investigate the role of pDCs in atherosclerosis. Selective pDC deficiency in vivo was achieved using CD11c-Cre × Tcf4–/flox bone marrow transplanted into Ldlr–/– mice. Compared with control Ldlr–/– chimeric mice, CD11c-Cre × Tcf4–/flox mice had reduced atherosclerosis levels. To begin to understand the mechanisms by which pDCs regulate atherosclerosis, we studied chimeric Ldlr–/– mice with selective MHCII deficiency on pDCs. Significantly, these mice also developed reduced atherosclerosis compared with controls without reductions in pDC numbers or changes in conventional DCs. MHCII-deficient pDCs showed defective stimulation of apolipoprotein B100–specific CD4+ T cells in response to native low-density lipoprotein, whereas production of interferon-α was not affected. Finally, the atheroprotective effect of selective MHCII deficiency in pDCs was associated with significant reductions of proatherogenic T cell–derived interferon-γ and lesional T cell infiltration, and was abrogated in CD4+ T cell–depleted animals. Conclusions—This study supports a proatherogenic role for pDCs in murine atherosclerosis and identifies a critical role for MHCII-restricted antigen presentation by pDCs in driving proatherogenic T cell immunity

Artery tertiary lymphoid organs control aorta immunity and protect against atherosclerosis via vascular smooth muscle cell lymphotoxin β receptors

Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) emerge during nonresolving peripheral inflammation, but their impact on disease progression remains unknown. We have found in aged Apoe−/− mice that artery TLOs (ATLOs) controlled highly territorialized aorta T cell responses. ATLOs promoted T cell recruitment, primed CD4+ T cells, generated CD4+, CD8+, T regulatory (Treg) effector and central memory cells, converted naive CD4+ T cells into induced Treg cells, and presented antigen by an unusual set of dendritic cells and B cells. Meanwhile, vascular smooth muscle cell lymphotoxin β receptors (VSMC-LTβRs) protected against atherosclerosis by maintaining structure, cellularity, and size of ATLOs though VSMC-LTβRs did not affect secondary lymphoid organs: Atherosclerosis was markedly exacerbated in Apoe−/−Ltbr−/− and to a similar extent in aged Apoe−/−Ltbrfl/flTagln-cre mice. These data support the conclusion that the immune system employs ATLOs to organize aorta T cell homeostasis during aging and that VSMC-LTβRs participate in atherosclerosis protection via ATLOs

Use of zinc quantum dot biochar and AMF for alleviation of Cd stress in maize: Regulation of physiological and biochemical attributes

In different heavy metals, cadmium is one of the acute toxins. It also interferes with various physiological processes in plants, such as photosynthesis, respiration, and enzyme activity. To improve the growth of plants in Cd stress, arbuscular mycorrhizae can play an imperative role. On the other hand, the use of quantum dots technology is also gaining the attention of scientists. That's why the current study investigates the effectiveness of using zinc quantum dot biochar (ZQDB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in alleviating cadmium (Cd) stress in maize plants. The results showed that AMF+ZQDB performed significantly best at the highest level of 5Cd (5mgCd/kg soil) for enhancement in plant height (28.20 %), shoot dry weight (48.78 %), chlorophyll a (32.45 %), chlorophyll b (44.03 %) and total chlorophyll (22.02 %) compared to control (NoAMF+NoZQDB). A significant enhancement in photosynthetic rate (12.95 %) and transpiration rate (39.99 %) concentration of carbon dioxide also validated the effectiveness of AMF+ZQDB over control (NoAMF+NoZQDB) at 5Cd. For photochemical quenching decrease was 25.1 %, 2.98 %, 20.7 %, and 20.3 %, respectively, compared to the control group at 5Cd where NoAMF+NoZQDB, AMF, ZQDB, and AMF+ZQDB treatments were applied. AMF+ZQDB treatment of 5Cd showed a 30.22 % decrease in electron transport rate and 34.67 % decrease in non-photochemical quenching compared to control (NoAMF+NoZQDB). In conclusion, AMF + ZQDB is an effective amendment for alleviating Cd stress in maize by regulating biochemical and physiological attributes. Further investigations are recommended at the field level using different crops to validate the effectiveness of AMF + ZQDB as a promising amendment for minimizing Cd toxicity

UNITY: A low-field magnetic resonance neuroimaging initiative to characterize neurodevelopment in low and middle-income settings

Measures of physical growth, such as weight and height have long been the predominant outcomes for monitoring child health and evaluating interventional outcomes in public health studies, including those that may impact neurodevelopment. While physical growth generally reflects overall health and nutritional status, it lacks sensitivity and specificity to brain growth and developing cognitive skills and abilities. Psychometric tools, e.g., the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, may afford more direct assessment of cognitive development but they require language translation, cultural adaptation, and population norming. Further, they are not always reliable predictors of future outcomes when assessed within the first 12-18 months of a child’s life. Neuroimaging may provide more objective, sensitive, and predictive measures of neurodevelopment but tools such as magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are not readily available in many low and middle-income countries (LMICs). MRI systems that operate at lower magnetic fields (< 100mT) may offer increased accessibility, but their use for global health studies remains nascent. The UNITY project is envisaged as a global partnership to advance neuroimaging in global health studies. Here we describe the UNITY project, its goals, methods, operating procedures, and expected outcomes in characterizing neurodevelopment in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia