7 research outputs found

    Study of the relationship between organizational commitment and individual work performance: Case of employees in the automotive sector in Morocco

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    The search for performance engages managers in a process of continuous improvement in several areas. These include prospecting for new customers, retaining existing customers, innovation, etc. However, managers are aware that the room for maneuver on these aspects remains very limited. In this sense, several studies have shown that human resources are a real differentiating factor for the company in a highly competitive market. Consequently, managers must take actions aimed at employees in order to increase their motivation and involvement at work. In this perspective, our research work consists in exploring the relationship between organizational commitment and individual work performance, and tries to provide managers with an idea on the mechanisms able to improve the performance of their employees through the development of their commitment to the organization. To this end, we administered a survey to 480 employees in the automotive sector in the Rabat-Sale-Kenitra region. The structural equation model method was used to explore the relationships between the independent and dependent variables. The results show that organizational commitment has a positive effect on individual work performance. JEL classification: L20, O15 Type paper: empirical researchLa recherche de la performance engage les dirigeants dans des processus d’amĂ©lioration continus visant plusieurs axes. Parmi les axes on trouve la prospection de nouveaux clients, la fidĂ©lisation des clients existants, l’innovation, etc. Cependant, les dirigeants sont conscients que la marge de manƓuvre sur ces aspects reste trĂšs limitĂ©e. Dans ce sens, plusieurs Ă©tudes ont montrĂ© que les ressources humaines constituent un rĂ©el facteur de diffĂ©renciation de l’entreprise dans un marchĂ© en pleine compĂ©titivitĂ©. DĂšs lors, les dirigeants doivent mener des actions Ă  destination des employĂ©s en vue de croitre leur motivation et leur implication au travail. Classification JEL : L20, O15 Type du papier : Article empirique Dans cette perspective, nous travail de recherche consiste Ă  explorer la relation entre l’engagement organisationnel et la performance individuelle au travail, et tente de fournir aux dirigeants une idĂ©e sur les mĂ©canismes en mesure d’amĂ©liorer la performance de leurs employĂ©s Ă  travers le dĂ©veloppement de leur engagement envers l’organisation. Pour ce faire, nous avons administrĂ© un questionnaire Ă  480 employĂ©s du secteur automobile de la rĂ©gion Rabat-SalĂ©-KĂ©nitra. La mĂ©thode du modĂšle des Ă©quations structurelles a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e pour explorer les relations entre les variables indĂ©pendantes et dĂ©pendantes. Les rĂ©sultats montrent, en effet, que l’engagement organisationnel agit positivement sur la performance individuelle au travail

    GenĂšse et fondements thĂ©oriques de la responsabilitĂ© sociale de l’entreprise

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    Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a concept rooted in the philanthropic and paternalistic traditions of American and European great bosses of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. If responsible practices go back so long, on both sides of the Atlantic, they have not been conceptualized in the same way. In Europe it is a "Hard Law" conception, companies are obliged to fulfill their responsibilities under coercion of legal sanctions for offenders. In the American context, it is a conception of "Soft Law" which is inspired by Protestant faith’s concepts. Companies voluntarily engage in responsible actions towards society. So, we can see charters, codes of conduct and ethics proliferation with almost no legal regulations established individually or within a sector branch. The first theorization of CSR dates back to the 1950s. Indeed, Howard Bowen's founding work "The Social Responsibilities of the Businessman" marked the entry of CSR as a field of study in academic research. Conceptualizations of the firm/society relationship have been attempts to find a compromise between the positive and negative externalities of firms on society. If the standard economics considers the first responsibility of a company is to make profit, the developments which followed took several directions, nevertheless the theory of the stakeholders had remained dominant by offering an analysis and discussion framework to both researchers and practitioners. This theory completed the first normative conceptual developments by proposing practical tools, with an operational scope, in order to allow issues, raised by CSR, integration in the strategic management of companies.   Keywords : Corporate Social Responsibility, stakeholders, economy, society. JEL classification : M14 Paper type : Theoretical articleLa ResponsabilitĂ© Sociale de l’Entreprise (RSE) est un concept ancrĂ© dans les traditions philanthropiques et paternalistes des grands patrons amĂ©ricains et europĂ©ens de la fin du 19Ăšme et du dĂ©but 20Ăšme siĂšcle. Si des pratiques responsables remontent Ă  aussi longtemps, de part et d’autre de l’Atlantique, elles n’ont pas Ă©tĂ© conceptualisĂ©es de la mĂȘme maniĂšre. En Europe il s’agit d’une conception « Hard Law », les entreprises sont obligĂ©es de s’acquitter de leurs responsabilitĂ©s sous peine de sanctions juridiques. Dans le contexte amĂ©ricain, c’est d’une conception de « Soft Law » qu’il s’agit, imprĂ©gnĂ©e de concepts de la foi protestante. Les entreprises s’engagent volontairement dans des actions responsables et on voit la prolifĂ©ration de chartes, de code de conduite et de dĂ©ontologie sans presque aucune rĂ©glementation contraignante. La premiĂšre thĂ©orisation de la RSE date des annĂ©es 1950. En effet, l’ouvrage fondateur de Howard Bowen « The Social Responsabilites of the Businessman Â» a marquĂ© l’entrĂ©e de la RSE comme champ d’études dans la recherche acadĂ©mique. Les conceptualisations de la relation entreprise/sociĂ©tĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© des tentatives de trouver un compromis entre les externalitĂ©s positives et nĂ©gatives de la premiĂšre sur la deuxiĂšme. Si l’économie standard considĂšre la premiĂšre responsabilitĂ© d’une entreprise, c’est de faire du profit, les dĂ©veloppements qui ont suivi celui de Bowen ont pris plusieurs directions, nĂ©anmoins la thĂ©orie des parties prenantes Ă©tait restĂ©e dominante en offrant un cadre d’analyse et de discussion Ă  la fois aux chercheurs et aux praticiens. Cette thĂ©orie a complĂ©tĂ© les premiers dĂ©veloppements conceptuels normatifs et a proposĂ© des outils pratiques Ă  portĂ©e opĂ©rationnelle en vue de permettre l’intĂ©gration des problĂ©matiques soulevĂ©es par la RSE dans le management stratĂ©gique des entreprises.   Mots clĂ©s : ResponsabilitĂ© Sociale des Entreprises, parties prenantes, Ă©conomie, sociĂ©tĂ©. Classification JEL : M14 Type du papier : Article thĂ©oriqu

    Pratiques responsables de l’organisation et leurs influences sur les comportements des employĂ©s

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    Managing turnover within organizations is one of the major concerns of the human resources management department (HRM), due to its impact on performance. HRM practices are constantly changing to retain employees and therefore reduce the costs associated with attracting and recruiting profiles. Today, all structured companies communicate around corporate social responsibility (CSR). Our objective is to find out whether adopting such a posture could allow the company to improve the turnover rate. The present study aims to examine the relationship between the perception of CSR practices, the organizational commitment (OE) of employees and their intention to leave the organization (IQ). The analysis carried out on a sample of 104 participants from companies in the automotive sector, located in the Rabat-SalĂ©-KĂ©nitra region, shows that employees are attentive to the CSR initiatives implemented by their companies. These approaches influence their attitudes and behavior at work. The study found a positive and significant relationship between P.RSE and EO and a negative and very significant relationship between P.RSE and IQ and also between EO and IQ. On the other hand, that the OE fully explains the relationship between the perceived CSR of the employees and their company IQ.La gestion du turnover au sein des organisations constitue l’une des prĂ©occupations majeures du dĂ©partement de la gestion des ressources humaines (GRH), en raison de son impact sur la performance. Les pratiques de la GRH sont en perpĂ©tuel changement pour fidĂ©liser les employĂ©s et par consĂ©quent rĂ©duire les coĂ»ts liĂ©s Ă  l’attraction et le recrutement de profils. Aujourd’hui, toutes les entreprises structurĂ©es communiquent au tour de la responsabilitĂ© sociale de l’entreprise (RSE). Notre objectif est de savoir si l’adoption d’une telle posture pourrait permettre Ă  l’entreprise d’amĂ©liorer le taux du turnover. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude vise Ă  examiner la relation entre la perception des pratiques de la RSE, l’engagement organisationnel (EO) des employĂ©s et leur intention de quitter l’organisation (IQ). L’analyse rĂ©alisĂ©e sur un Ă©chantillon de 104 participants des entreprises du secteur automobile, installĂ©es dans la rĂ©gion Rabat-SalĂ©-KĂ©nitra, dĂ©montre que les employĂ©s sont attentifs aux initiatives RSE mises en Ɠuvre par leurs entreprises. Ces dĂ©marches influent leurs attitudes et comportements au travail. L’étude a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© une relation positive et significative entre la P.RSE et l’EO et une relation nĂ©gative et trĂšs significative entre la P.RSE et l’IQ et aussi entre l’EO et l’IQ et d’autre part, que l’EO explique totalement la relation entre la RSE perçue par les employĂ©s et leur IQ l’entreprise

    Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

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    Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

    Construction d’une Ă©chelle de mesure de la performance individuelle au travail

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    Le concept de la performance individuelle au travail (PIT) est un concept trĂšs large. Il attire de plus en plus l’attention des acadĂ©miciens mais aussi des professionnels en gestion et spĂ©cialement en gestion des ressources humaines (GRH). L’évaluation du concept est un sujet Ă  controverse dans le domaine de gestion depuis des annĂ©es. Dans ce sens, plusieurs Ă©chelles de mesure du construit ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©es, les premiers systĂšmes d’évaluation ont Ă©tĂ© mis en place depuis 1998 (Prowse & Prowse, 2009). Cependant, les Ă©chelles de mesure dĂ©veloppĂ©es sont spĂ©cifiques Ă  des secteurs d’activitĂ© bien ciblĂ©s, et par consĂ©quent ne peuvent rendre compte de la performance individuelle au travail dans tous les mĂ©tiers (Koopmans, 2014). L’objet de cet article est de tester l’échelle de mesure la plus utilisĂ©e dans les travaux antĂ©rieurs, proposĂ©e par Borman et Motowildo (1993) et amĂ©liorĂ©e par Koopanns (2104) au moyen d’un analyse exploratoire (Analyse en Composantes principales ACP) et aussi confirmatoire (ModĂšle des Ă©quations structurelles SEM) sur un Ă©chantillon de 294 participants dans le but de proposer une Ă©chelle de mesure de la performance individuelle au travail adaptĂ©e aux entreprises marocaines

    Les ModĂšles explicatifs de la responsabilitĂ© sociale de l’entreprise

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    Le concept de la RSE a commencĂ© Ă  attirer l’attention des chercheurs et des praticiens en management au cours des vingt derniĂšres annĂ©es. Dans ce sens plusieurs modĂšles ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©s Carroll (1979), Watrick et Cochran (1985), Wood (1991), Donaldson et Preston (1995) et Mitchell, Agle et Wood (1997), en vue d’illustrer la diversitĂ© des approches de la RSE, soulignant l'importance croissante pour les entreprises d'adopter des pratiques durables et socialement responsables pour rĂ©pondre aux attentes de la sociĂ©tĂ© et contribuer positivement au dĂ©veloppement durable. Ce travail de recherche, tente d’explorer les diffĂ©rents modĂšles proposĂ©s par les auteurs et les acadĂ©miciens, Ă  travers une analyse les divergences et les ressemblances dans la maniĂšre de percevoir ce construit

    The Mediterranean region under climate change

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    This book has been published by Allenvi (French National Alliance for Environmental Research) to coincide with the 22nd Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP22) in Marrakesh. It is the outcome of work by academic researchers on both sides of the Mediterranean and provides a remarkable scientific review of the mechanisms of climate change and its impacts on the environment, the economy, health and Mediterranean societies. It will also be valuable in developing responses that draw on “scientific evidence” to address the issues of adaptation, resource conservation, solutions and risk prevention. Reflecting the full complexity of the Mediterranean environment, the book is a major scientific contribution to the climate issue, where various scientific considerations converge to break down the boundaries between disciplines
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