Evaluation of the Quality Of Life of Dental Students in Mashhad University during Covid-19 Pandemic by Standard WHOQOL-BREF Questionnaire

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the quality of life of undergraduate and postgraduate dental students attending Mashhad Dental School during the COVID-19 pandemic using the WHOQOL-BREF standard questionnaire.Methods & Materials: This descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2020 to February 2021 in Mashhad Dental School. A questionnaire designed by the World Health Organization was used to collect the data. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was distributed both in person and online through Survey.porsline.ir platform. A total of 571 students completed the questionnaire. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire is scored in four domains. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS 23. Independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni''''s test were used for statistical comparison. The significance level was set at 5%.Results: In undergraduate students, no relationship was found between different domains of quality of life and gender. There was a significant relationship between residence and the domains of environmental health (P-valu

Comparison of fluoride concentration in several types of green tea consumed in Iran

Background: Tea is known as a source of fluoride that not only can prevent tooth decay but also can increase the risk of dental fluorosis in overuse or in combination with other sources of fluoride. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the fluoride concentration in three brands of green tea consumed in Iran. Methods: This experimental study was conducted in Qazvin University of medical Science during 2012. Three brands of green tea (bag type and packed type) were evaluated. Two bags of every bag type and two 1-gram samples of every packed type were selected. Each time, the samples were placed in 100 ml distilled boiling water and were restored in an incubator at 80 ºC. Three and ten minutes after tea brewing, the fluoride concentration of filtrated water was measured by chromatography and was recorded in milligram per liter. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA. Findings: The fluoride concentration in bag type green tea was more than packed type. The fluoride concentration was not different among three brands of green tea. The fluoride concentration after ten minutes brewing was not significantly different from the concentration after three minutes brewing. Conclusion: With regards to the results, it seems that green tea brand and the brewing time does not affect fluoride release. The fluoride release in bag type green tea is more than packed type. Keywords: Dental Fluorosis, Fluorides, Tea, Chromatograph

Comparison of microleakage between flowable nanocomposite, flowable Composite and Conventional sealant in fissure sealant therapy of the permanent teeth: an in- vitro study

Background and Aim: Novel dental materials including nanocomposites have been introduced in recent years. It is claimed that they have superior properties such as high esthetic., low wear, increased filler content resulting in better mechanical properties, and releasing ions i.e. fluoride and amorphous calcium phosphate that are important for enamel remineralization. Considering these features, if they have retention and microleakage rates comparable with conventional sealants, these materials can be appropriate alternatives to conventional resin sealants in future. The current study aimed at comparing . microleakage of a flowable nanocomposite, a flowable composite , and a conventional sealant in fissure sealant therapy of the permanent teeth. Materials and Methods: First of all ,42 extracted sound human maxillary first premolars were collected and were randomly divided into 3 equal groups. Then the teeth were embedded in self-cure acrylic resin. Occlusal fissures of the samples were cleaned using explorer, enameloplasty with ¼ round diamond bur and water/air spray was done. The prepared surfaces were etched using 36% phosphoric acid gel for 15s, rinsed and dried. Bonding agent was placed in the pits and fissures, cured for 10s after thinning with air. In the first, second , and the third group conventional sealant, flowable composite , and flowable nanocomposite were placed, respectively; and light cured for 40s. The samples were thermocycled (1000 cycles between 5-55ºC) and then immersed in 2% basic Fuchsine solution for 24hs. They were then cut bucculingually and microleakage evaluation was done using stereomicroscope. The obtained data was analyzed using Kruskal wallis tests. Results: There was no significant difference in microleakage rate of the study groups. (P>0.05). Conclusion: Considering the condition of the study, it can be concluded that flowable composite and flowable nanocomposite can be used as suitable alternatives to conventional sealants in fissure sealant therapy of the permanent teeth

Development and validation of a questionnaire on the pseudo-scientific invalid Iranians’ belief regarding oral health

Background and Aims: The aim of this study was development and validation of a questionnaire measuring the pseudo-scientific unsupported of Iranians’ belief regarding oral health. Materials and Methods: A list of 169 pseudo-scientific and invalid Iranian beliefs about oral health that was collected in the previous phase of the study were sent to a purposive sample of 13 professors at Mashhad dental school which resulted in extracting 34 beliefs being considered more common among Iranians. A list of 21 pseudo-scientific beliefs was obtained for preparing the questionnaire after receiving the sample opinions of 21 professors of Mashhad dental school about the invalidity and pseudoscientific propositions and their written revision. Finally, the questionnaire was completed by 44 participants to analyze the ease and clarity and to calculate Cronbach's alpha and Kuder Richardson measure as a homogeneity reliability index. It was completed in a group of 15 participants with a time interval of one month for test-retest analysis and consistency reliability evaluation. Results: A questionnaire consisting of 21 beliefs was developed using four-point, three-point, or two-point Likert scales. The standardized Cronbach's alpha score and Kuder Richardson's measure score were 0.641 and 0.514, respectively, which indicated the moderate to good reliability of the homogeneity. The Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was calculated as 0.863, representing very good reliability of consistency of the questionnaire. Furthermore, the kappa coefficient of each of the 21 statements had a significant difference with zero (P<0.05) ranging between 0.605 and 1. Conclusion: The result of the present study is a questionnaire measuring the level of Iranians’ belief in unsupported and invalid statements about oral health. Using this questionnaire would be helpful for dentists and oral health professionals to promote knowledge of Iranians about oral health

Investigating the efficacy of a varnish containing gallic acid on remineralization of enamel lesions: an in vitro study

Abstract This study evaluated the efficacy of a formulated remineralizing gallic acid (GA) varnish in treating artificial enamel caries lesions. Fifty-five intact bovine incisors were collected. Enamel blocks (5 × 9 mm) were prepared. A third of each block’s surface remained intact. Primary carious lesions were induced on the middle and bottom thirds of the blocks by immersing the samples in a demineralization solution for 6 h. The bottom third of the blocks were further remineralized by randomly applying 0.5%, 2%, or 8% GA varnishes and 2.26% fluoride varnish (V varnish, Vericom, Seoul, Korea), or the varnish base without active ingredients (n = 11 each). The specimens were immersed in a remineralizing solution for 4 h and then subjected to a 2-hour immersion in the demineralizing solution. After six days of pH cycling, the surface microhardness was measured at depths of 30, 75, and 120 μm. The percentage of surface microhardness recovery (SMHR%) was compared among the groups using the Shapiro-Wilk, ANOVA, and Tukey HSD post-hoc tests (α = 0.05). The SMHR% of all experimental groups was higher than the control group at 30 μm (p < 0.05). The 0.5% GA varnish showed the highest SMHR% at all depths; however, the difference with the other experimental groups was significant at a depth of 30 μm (p < 0.05). The SMHR% of the fluoride and the 2% and 8% GA varnishes was comparable at all depths. All treatments potentially remineralize enamel lesions, with 0.5% GA varnish having the greatest effect, particularly on the top surface layer. As such, this newly developed varnish may emerge as a promising alternative to fluoride varnish

Association of Self-Care Behaviors and Quality of Life among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Chaldoran County, Iran

BackgroundSelf-care of diabetes is an essential part for controlling the disease and improvement of quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study aimed to analyze the associated factors of quality of life in patients with T2DM in order to design effective interventions.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 T2DM patients referred to health centers of Chaldoran, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. The quality of life's questionnaires from World Health Organization and the self-care behaviors' questionnaires were used for data collection.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 46.30% and 53.30% of them were male. Among demographic variables, gender (P=0.002), age groups (P=0.007), and household monthly income (P=0.009) were significantly associated with total quality of life. Also, self-care nutrition (odds ratio [OR], 1.47; P=0.001), self-management of blood glucose control (OR, 1.29; P=0.002), and self-medication behavior (OR, 1.18; P=0.030) were identified as factors significantly associated with quality of life.ConclusionSelf-care behaviors were significantly associated with quality of life; among them, the greatest influence was observed in self-care nutrition behavior. According to the findings of this study, appropriate interventions on self-care behaviors about nutrition can improve the quality of life for T2DM patients

Salivary Protein and Electrolyte Profiles during Primary Teeth Eruption: A Cross-Sectional Study

This study aimed to assess the qualitative changes in the saliva during the process of primary teeth eruption. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 147 children from 2 to 48 months, of which 49 were in group A (no erupted primary teeth), 53 were in group B (at least one active erupting primary tooth), and 45 were in group C (eruption of all 20 primary teeth was completed). Salivary proteins were evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis with polyacrylamide gel, while the concentrations of salivary sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium ions were evaluated by ion selective electrodes. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (alpha = 0.05). The concentration of proteins with molecular weights of 20–30 KDa was significantly higher in group A, and it gradually decreased with age. The concentration of proteins with molecular weights of 50–60 KDa in group B was significantly lower than those of groups A and C. The calcium ion concentration in group A was significantly higher than that of the other groups. The concentration of potassium ions was minimal in group C. The proteins and electrolyte profiles of the subjects’ saliva changed in the process of primary tooth eruption. The highest concentrations of proteins such as statherin, histatin, P-B peptide, and cystatin and the lowest concentrations of proteins such as amylase were present in group B

Epidemiology of acute animal bite and the direct cost of rabies vaccination

Objective: To describe the epidemiological aspects of animal bites and to calculate the financial burden resulting from rabies vaccination in Chalderan City. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, records of all victims of animal bites in a seven-year period were reviewed. Studied variables included demographic information of victims, biters' profile, time and place patterns, clinical aspects of the victims and the cost of vaccination. Results: Most of bites were observed in men in the age group of 10–19 years old, at rural areas and occupational group of farmers. The vast majority of animal bites happened by dogs and domestic animals. The average age of victims with head and neck injuries was lower than that of victims with injuries in the lower extremities, shoulders and hands (P = 0.001). The cost of vaccination was 11 665 dollars with three doses of rabies vaccine and 849 dollars for five doses, and the 12 514 dollars cumulative frequency in the studied period. Based on the results of trend test, the incidence of animal bites was increased significantly during the study period (P = 0.02). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that due to the increasing incidence of animal bites and the financial burden resulting from animal bite vaccination, it is necessary to design and implement preventive measures in order to reduce the animal bites