PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILES, ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND PROTECTIVE EFFECT AGAINST AAPH-INDUCED MOUSE ERYTHROCYTE DAMAGE BY DAPHNE GNIDIUM L. SHOOTS EXTRACTS

Objective: Various biological activities have been reported for Daphne gnidium, the aim of the present study was to determine polyphenols and some biological activities of extracts from the shoots of this plants.Methods: Phenolic and flavonoids contents of D. gnidium extracts (DGE) were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau and identified by HPLC–DAD/MS. Free radical scavenging and antioxidant potential of the crude (CE), chloroform (CHE) and ethyl acetate (EAE) extracts of D. gnidium shoots were investigated using several in vitro and ex vivo assays, including 2, 2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, superoxide anion scavenging (by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic methods) and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity methods. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was measured using the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity, reducing power and ß-carotene-linoleic bleaching assays. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and oxidative hemolysis were also performed to confirm the protective effect of these extracts.Results: It was found that values of phenolics varied between 130.84±5.99 and 137±7.66 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of cinnamic acid derivatives and other metabolites from the flavonoids family. All extracts exhibited a superoxide scavenging capacity. The EAE had the highest antioxidant activity as measured by DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. The extracts showed an inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase, the IC50 rangesfrom 0.021±0.001 to 0.061±0.001 mg/ml. The EAE showed also potent reducing power ability. CHE possess an inhibition ratio of (92.11%) in the linoleic acid oxidation assay close to that of BHT (96.77%). All extracts exhibited antioxidant activity in the linoleic acid emulsion system (3.87-61.11 %). Under the oxidative action of AAPH, EAE and CE showed higher protective effect against erythrocytes hemolysis than the CHE. The percentage of hemolysis (H%) determined for EAE and CE after 1 h of incubation were 0% and 1.9%, respectively.Conclusion: This study indicates that DGE contains relevant antioxidant compounds responsible, at least in part, for its antioxidant and radicals scavenging activity. Flavone derivatives were determined as the main active component of the shoots part and the CHE was the most active extract.Â

Phenolics Contents, Xanthine Oxidoreductase Inhibitory Potential, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Cachrys libanotis L. Root Extracts

To date, no studies have investigated the phytochemical screening and biological activities of Cachrys libanotis L. traditionally used for the treatment of gout and rheumatism. Therefore, we aimed to investigate, for the first time, the phytochemical contents, the xanthine oxidoreductase inhibition, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of extracts derived from the roots of C. libanotis L. Roots were submitted to extraction and fractionation using three different solvents sequentially, in the ascending order of polarity. Subsequently, XOR was purified from bovine milk and its inhibition was evaluated using xanthine/XOR system. The antioxidant activities were assessed employed superoxide scavenging, β- carotene bleaching, DPPH scavenging, ferrous iron chelation and FRAP assays). The antibacterial activity was tested by disc diffusion assay against 11 ATCC strains. Extraction and fractionation gave crude extract (CrE), hexane extract (HxE), chloroform extract (ChE), ethyle acetate extract (EAE) and aqueous extract (AqE).  EAE exhibited the highest XOR inhibitory effect. CrE exhibited the highest effect as DPPH scavenger. All fractions exhibited a good activity against linoleate oxidation. Both CrE and AqE had an excellent chelating activity. Extracts showed a medium reducing power with greatest value exhibited by EAE. The plant extracts exhibited moderate to good antibacterial activity where the HxE extract had the strongest antimicrobial activity. From the obtained results, C. libanotis roots might be helpful in preventing or slowing the progress of gout, and it could be used as an additive in the food industry providing good protection against oxidative damage. Keywords: Cachrys libanotis, polyphenols, oxidative stress, xanthine-oxidoreductase (XOR), antimicrobial

Antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of Carthamus caeruleus L extracts grow wild in Algeria flora

Four sub-fractions of Carthamus caeruleus L (whichbelongs to the family Asteraceae) root extracts, i.e., methanol (CE), chloroform (CHE), ethyl acetate (EAE) and aqueous (AE) extracts were screened for their total phenolics, flavonoids and possible antioxidant activities, using DPPH free radical-scavenging and β-carotene/linoleic acid assays. The results indicated that total polyphenols were highest in EAE followed by CHE. However, the free radical scavenging activity of CHE was higher than the other extracts with an IC50 value of 53.26 µg/mL. Determination of quercetin, gallic acid and rutin showed antioxidant activity as positive controls in parallel experiments. Moreover, oxidation of linoleic acid was effectively inhibited by AE, EAE and CE which were too close to each other. Also, the CHE was more effective compared to the synthetic antioxidant BHT. It could be concluded that Carthamus caeruleus L growing wild in the Mediterranean regions and especially in Algeria has a potent antioxidant activity and could be evaluated as a starting point for further investigations.Four sub-fractions of Carthamus caeruleus L (which belongs to the family Asteraceae) root extracts,i.e., methanol (CE), chloroform (CHE), ethyl acetate (EAE) and aqueous (AE) extracts were screenedfor their total phenolics, flavonoids and possible antioxidant activities, using DPPH free radicalscavengingand β-carotene/linoleic acid assays. The results indicated that total polyphenols werehighest in EAE followed by CHE. However, the free radical scavenging activity of CHE was higherthan the other extracts with an IC50 value of 53.26 μg/mL. Determination of quercetin, gallic acid andrutin showed antioxidant activity as positive controls in parallel experiments. Moreover, oxidation oflinoleic acid was effectively inhibited by AE, EAE and CE which were too close to each other. Also,the CHE was more effective compared to the synthetic antioxidant BHT. It could be concluded thatCarthamus caeruleus L growing wild in the Mediterranean regions and especially in Algeria has apotent antioxidant activity and could be evaluated as a starting point for further investigations. Propriedades dos radicais antioxidantes extraídos de Carthamus caeruleus L nativosda flora da ArgéliaQuarto sub-frações extraídas da raiz de Carthamus caeruleus L (que pertencem à famíliaAsteraceae), i.e., metanol (CE), clorofórmio (CHE), acetato de etil (EAE) e extratos aquosos foramexaminados minuciosamente quanto aos seus fenólicos, flanóides e suas atividades antioxidantespossíveis, usando DPPH extração de radicais livres e B-caroteno/ácido linoléico. Os resultadosindicaram que os polifenóis totais foram maiores em EAE seguido de CHE. Entretanto, a atividadede extração de radicais livres em CHE foi maior que de outros extratos com um valor de IC50 de of5326 μg/mL. A determinação de quercetina ácido gálico e rutina demonstrou que a atividade deantioxidante funciona como controle positive em experimentos paralelos. Além disso, a oxidaçãode ácido lenoico foi efetivamente inibida por AE, EAE e CE que estavam muito próximos uns aosoutros. Também, o CHE foi mais eficaz se comparado ao antioxidante sintético BHT. Foi possívelconcluir que Carthamus caeruleus L nativos das nas regiões do Mediterrâneo, e, especialmente naArgélia, tem uma potente atividade antioxidante e poderia ser avaliada como o ponto de partidapara investigações futuras