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Enhancing engagement in evidence-based tobacco cessation treatment for smokers with mental illness: A pilot randomized trial.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of a brief telephone-delivered Motivational Interviewing (MI)-based intervention to facilitate engagement in evidence-based cessation treatment for Veterans with mental illness referred to smoking cessation treatment.Methods86 military Veteran smokers with mental illness were recruited from a tobacco cessation consult clinic and randomized to receive either a MI-based treatment engagement intervention (TE; n = 48) or a non-MI assessment and information control (CON; n = 38) condition. Intervention was delivered during a single brief telephone contact. Primary engagement outcomes were 1) attending a treatment session within 30 days and 2) combination treatment (attending session plus using pharmacotherapy). Cessation outcomes included self-reported 24 h cessation attempts and 7 day point abstinence at 3 months post-intervention. Outcomes were assessed at 1 and 3 months post intervention.ResultsOutcome analyses included 85 participants (47 TE, 38 CON) using an intent-to-treat analytic approach. Participants were on average 49.5 (13.4) years old, 88% Male, 59% white, 18% African American and 14% Hispanic/Latino(a). Following intervention delivery TE and CON participants did not differ on likelihood of attending a treatment session during the subsequent 30 days (47% vs 45%, respectively). A significant difference was observed when classified as utilizing combination treatment, 40% of TE versus 18% of CON reported use of smoking cessation medication and behavioral counseling (p = 0.04). No statistical differences were observed for cessation outcomes, although more TE than CON participants reported 7 day point abstinence at 3 months post-intervention (30% vs 18%).ConclusionsThe present pilot study provides initial evidence for the feasibility, acceptability and efficacy of a telephone delivered TE intervention for enhancing engagement in combinationevidence evidence-based treatment in a sample of Veteran smokers with mental illness referred to smoking cessation treatment. Smokers with mental illness typically have greater difficulty stopping smoking than those without mental illness. Increased engagement in combination treatment thus has the potential to increase quit rates and ultimately reduce the burden of tobacco use for this population
Propagation of Light Elements in the Galaxy
The origin and evolution of isotopes of the lightest elements H2, He3, Li,
Be, B in the universe is a key problem in such fields as astrophysics of CR,
Galactic evolution, non-thermal nucleosynthesis, and cosmological studies. One
of the major sources of these species is spallation by CR nuclei in the
interstellar medium. On the other hand, it is the B/C ratio in CR and Be10
abundance which are used to fix the propagation parameters and thus the
spallation rate. We study the production and Galactic propagation of isotopes
of elements Z<6 using the numerical propagation code GALPROP and updated
production cross sections.Comment: 4 pages, 6 ps-figures, tsukuba.sty, to appear in the Proc. 28th
International Cosmic Ray Conference (Tsukuba, Japan 2003). More details can
be found at http://www.gamma.mpe-garching.mpg.de/~aws/aws.htm
Diffractive Interaction and Scaling Violation in pp->pi^0 Interaction and GeV Excess in Galactic Diffuse Gamma-Ray Spectrum of EGRET
We present here a new calculation of the gamma-ray spectrum from pp->pi^0 in
the Galactic ridge environment. The calculation includes the diffractive pp
interaction and incorporates the Feynman scaling violation for the first time.
Galactic diffuse gamma-rays come, predominantly, from pi^0->gamma gamma in the
sub-GeV to multi-GeV range. Hunter et al. found, however, an excess in the GeV
range ("GeV Excess") in the EGRET Galactic diffuse spectrum above the
prediction based on experimental pp->pi^0 cross-sections and the Feynman
scaling hypothesis. We show, in this work, that the diffractive process makes
the gamma-ray spectrum harder than the incident proton spectrum by ~0.05 in
power-law index, and, that the scaling violation produces 30-80% more pi^0 than
the scaling model for incident proton energies above 100GeV. Combination of the
two can explain about a half of the "GeV Excess" with the local cosmic proton
(power-law index ~2.7). The excess can be fully explained if the proton
spectral index in the Galactic ridge is a little harder (~0.2 in power-law
index) than the local spectrum. Given also in the paper is that the diffractive
process enhances e^+ over e^- and the scaling violation gives 50-100% higher
p-bar yield than without the violation, both in the multi-GeV range.Comment: 35 pages, 11 figures, to appear in Astrophysical Journa
EGRET Observations of the Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission in Orion: Analysis Through Cycle 6
We present a study of the high-energy diffuse emission observed toward Orion
by the Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) on the Compton
Gamma-Ray Observatory. The total exposure by EGRET in this region has increased
by more than a factor of two since a previous study. A simple model for the
diffuse emission adequately fits the data; no significant point sources are
detected in the region studied ( to and ) in either the composite dataset or in two separate
groups of EGRET viewing periods considered. The gamma-ray emissivity in Orion
is found to be for E > 100 MeV,
and the differential emissivity is well-described as a combination of
contributions from cosmic-ray electrons and protons with approximately the
local density. The molecular mass calibrating ratio is .Comment: 16 pages, including 5 figures. 3 Tables as three separate files.
Latex document, needs AASTEX style files. Accepted for publication in Ap
Caring for our country: wind erosion extent and severity maps for Australia, final report
The Wind Erosion Extent and Severity Maps (WEESMAP) project for Australia has been completed. As a result of the project significant improvements were made to both the soil and vegetation input data. These improvements include:
• A new dynamic erodibility mask was created for the model,based on Fractional Cover Index (FCI) of Guerschman et al. (2009).
• Increasing the soil descriptions available from 12 to 29 soils.
• Replacing LAI GIS layer with the MODIS LAI layer, which no longer uses empirical relationships developed for AVHRR NDVI product.
• The model was extend to a 10km resolution for the whole of the continent.
Statistical comparison of the CEMSYS model before (Version 5) and after the soil/vegetation improvements (Version 6) shows that the model over estimated daily dust concentrations at 26 of the DustWatch nodes in 2009 by approximately 3 fold for V5 and underestimated it by 0.6 for V6. The mean error between modelled and observed dust levels was reduced for V6 (0.0227 to 0.0084). Finally V6 explained twice the level of variability in the observed data compared to V5 (0.2292 to 0.3956). Given the result was comparing 26 stations over 365 days, V6 appears extremely robust over the yearly period.
In addition, the time series of available data was extended significantly. At the end of the project data the following data is available:
• Version 650 km data is available from March2000–June2012.
• Version 510 km dat is available for NSW/Victoria from February2000–June2012.
• Version 610 km data is available nationally for 2002,2008,and 2009.
Finally several other coding improvements were made to the model to increase performance. Consequently, it is now possible to produce 50 km and 10 km maps within 10 days of the external MODIS and Atmospheric data becoming available. This means it is now possible to use the CEMSYS in monthly reporting products
SPI Measurements of Galactic 26Al
The precision measurement of the 1809 keV gamma-ray line from Galactic
Al is one of the goals of the SPI spectrometer on INTEGRAL with its Ge
detector camera. We aim for determination of the detailed shape of this
gamma-ray line, and its variation for different source regions along the plane
of the Galaxy. Data from the first part of the core program observations of the
first mission year have been inspected. A clear detection of the \Al line at
about 5--7 significance demonstrates that SPI will deepen \Al studies.
The line intensity is consistent with expectations from previous experiments,
and the line appears narrower than the 5.4 keV FWHM reported by GRIS, more
consistent with RHESSI's recent value. Only preliminary statements can be made
at this time, however, due to the multi-component background underlying the
signal at \about 40 times higher intensity than the signal from Galactic
Al.Comment: 5 pages, 8 figures; accepted for publication in A&A (special INTEGRAL
volume
Development of a theory of the spectral reflectance of minerals, part 2
Theory of diffuse reflectance of particulate media including garnet, glass, corundum powders, and mixture
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