KYIV EPARCHY WITHIN SOVIET RUSSIAN ANTI-RELIGIOUS POLICY IN THE 1920s

The article aims to show the standing of Kyiv eparchy under the conditions of socioeconomic upheavals during the 1920s and define the principles of the Soviet state policy towards church treasures. Research methodology is based on general scientific principles of objectivity, historicism, systematicity, comprehensiveness, which made it possible to accurately recreate the sociopolitical and economic standing of Kyiv eparchy and ensured the reliability of research findings. The scientific value of the article lies in the fact that the statistical data reflecting the standing of Kyiv eparchy in the 1920s were, for the first time, systematized and analyzed in Ukrainian historiography. It is found that whether temples, monasteries and convents were closed or destroyed. It is defined when they ceased to be the objects of religious worship. Their further fate is clarified.The article analyzes the policy of Soviet government towards the demolition of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church as a social institution, elimination of its religious buildings, closure of temples and theological schools, destruction of monasteries and convents, prohibition of church bells, confiscation of church property and persecution of the Orthodox priesthood in the territory of an individual church administrative unit. It clarifies the position of Kyiv eparchy of the Ukrainian exarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church in an age of Soviet legislation in the 1920s. It specifies the principles of Soviet policy towards church property within Kyiv eparchy, the position of its Orthodox clergy and the means of anti-religious propaganda, which made it possible to estimate the extent of material and spiritual losses of the Ukrainian people. The Conclusions. Studying the principles of the Soviet state policy towards church treasures within Kyiv eparchy and analyzing the standing of its Orthodox clergy, as well as the means of atheistic propaganda, one can estimate the extent of material and spiritual losses of the Ukrainian people

ACTIVITY OF THE RUSSIAN SOVIET PROCUREMENT AGENCIES IN UKRAINEIN THE 1920-ies

The research objective is to study the forms, the methods and themeans of implementing the food dictatorship by the Soviet authorities and to characterize the activities of Russian food-requisition detachments in Ukraine in the 1920-ies. The research methodology is based on the general scientific and historical approaches and principles, which made it possible to study various documents, to systematize theempirical material, to analyze the statistical data, to carry out a content analysis of documents. The scientific novelty of the study is as follows: for the first time in the domestic historiography the peculiarities of the implementation of the Soviet food dictatorship in the 1920-ies in Ukraine were determined, the activity of Russian Soviet food-requisition detachments was described, the factors that caused the food crisis were analyzed, its permanent character in the USSR during the above-mentioned periodwas proved, using a wide range of archival and published documents. Conclusions.Using the difficult situation in Ukraine in 1919 – 1920, the Bolsheviks decided to turn it into its food colony and to preserve their revolutionary conquests. The desire to secure the Soviet regime with thematerial benefits, the fulfillment of the international treaties obligations and the destruction of the political activity of the Ukrainian peasantry prompted the Soviet leadership to pursue an active grain procurement policy in Ukraine. The food apportionment in Ukraine was implemented violently. The Soviet food policy in Ukraine in the 1920-ies caused the famine of 1921 – 1923.