Entre A Cura E O Divertimento: As Viagens De Férias Junto à Natureza Em Estâncias Hidrominerais (1930‐1940)

Nature and its elements, such as sun, water, weather (all considered regenerative) are asserted in medical discourses as appropriate destinations for the vacations time, a worker's right legally established in 1943 by the CLT (Consolidações das Leis do Trabalho). This paper deals with vacation trips to thermal springs by analyzing one specific travelling destination: Poços de Caldas/MG. Based on a set of travel guides and magazines of scientific dissemination published in the decades of 1930 and 1940 we aim at analyzing this thermal spring as a place of healing and amusement. Thus, we analyze the role played by body education in the prescriptions of such travelling destinations. © 2016 Colégio Brasileiro de Ciências do Esporte38321321

Caracterización química del aceite de barú y su subproducto de la región noroeste de Minas Gerais, Brasil

This study investigated baru oil and partially defatted baru flour from the northwest region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The physicochemical characterization of the oil was made by determining the fatty acid profile using gas chromatography, lutein, and α- and β- carotenes by means of high-performance liquid chromatography, and total carotenoids by spectrophotometry. The flour was analyzed for its chemical composition, fiber, and mineral contents. Baru oil presented excellent quality parameters and high contents in unsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids. The flour showed relevant levels of proteins, lipids, and dietary fiber, in addition to having representative mineral contents for food such as manganese, magnesium, and copper. Thus, baru oil and the by-product of its extraction offer a rich chemical composition, and their application may add nutritional value to foods in addition to reducing negative environmental impacts.En este estudio se investigó el aceite de barú y la harina de barú parcialmente desengrasada de la región noroeste de Minas Gerais, Brasil. La caracterización físico-química del aceite se realizó mediante la determinación del perfil de ácidos grasos mediante cromatografía de gases, luteína y α- y β- carotenos mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución y carotenoides totales mediante espectrofotometría. En la harina se analizó su composición química, fibra y contenido mineral. El aceite de barú tiene excelentes parámetros de calidad, un buen contenido de ácidos grasos insaturados y carotenoides. La harina presentó niveles relevantes de proteínas, lípidos y fibra dietética, además de tener un contenido representativo de minerales para la alimentación, como manganeso, magnesio y cobre. Así, el aceite de baru y el subproducto de su extracción tienen riqueza en su composición química y su aplicación puede agregar valor nutricional a los alimentos, además de reducir los impactos ambientales

Breast Density In Women With Premature Ovarian Failure Or Postmenopausal Women Using Hormone Therapy: Analytical Cross-sectional Study [densidade Mamária Em Mulheres Com Falência Ovariana Prematura Ou Na Pós-menopausa E Em Uso De Terapia Hormonal: Estudo Transversal Analítico]

Context and objective: Studies on postmenopausal women have reported increased risk of breast cancer relating to the type and duration of hormone therapy (HT) used. Women with premature ovarian failure (POF) represent a challenge, since they require prolonged HT. Little is known about the impact of prolonged HT use on these women's breasts. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of one type of HT on the breast density of women with POF, compared with postmenopausal women. Design and setting: Cross-sectional study at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). Methods: 31 women with POF and 31 postmenopausal women, all using HT consisting of conjugated equine estrogen combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate, and matched according to HT duration, were studied. Mammography was performed on all subjects and was analyzed by means of digitization or Wolfe's classification, stratified into two categories: Non-dense (N1 and P1 patterns) and dense (P2 and Dy). Results: No significant difference in breast density was found between the two groups through digitization or Wolfe's classification. From digitization, the mean breast density was 24.1% ± 14.6 and 18.1% ± 17.2 in the POF and postmenopausal groups, respectively (P = 0.15). Wolfe's classification identified dense breasts in 51.6% and 29.0%, respectively (P = 0.171). Conclusion: There was no difference in breast density between the women with POF and postmenopausal women, who had used HT for the same length of time. These results may help towards compliance with HT use among women with POF.1284211214Rossouw, J.E., Anderson, G.L., Prentice, R.L., Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: Principal results From the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial (2002) JAMA, 288 (3), pp. 321-333Beral, V., Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study (2003) Lancet, 362 (9382), pp. 419-427. , Million Women Study CollaboratorsConner, P., Svane, G., Azavedo, E., Mammographic breast density, hormones, and growth factors during continuous combined hormone therapy (2004) Fertil Steril, 81 (6), pp. 1617-1623Chen, F.P., Cheung, Y.C., Teng, L.F., Soong, Y.K., The relationship between mammographic density and duration of hormone therapy: Effects of estrogen and estrogen-progestin (2005) Hum Reprod, 20 (6), pp. 1741-1745Harvey, J., Scheurer, C., Kawakami, F.T., Hormone replacement therapy and breast density changes (2005) Climacteric, 8 (2), pp. 185-192Junkermann, H., von Holst, T., Lang, E., Rakov, V., Influence of different HRT regimens on mammographic density (2005) Maturitas, 50 (2), pp. 105-110Christodoulakos, G.E., Lambrinoudaki, I.V., Vourtsi, A.D., The effect of low dose hormone therapy on mammographic breast density (2006) Maturitas, 54 (1), pp. 78-85Kavanagh, A.M., Mitchell, H., Giles, G.G., Hormone replacement therapy and accuracy of mammographic screening (2000) Lancet, 355 (9200), pp. 270-274Banks, E., Hormone replacement therapy and the sensitivity and specificity of breast cancer screening: A review (2001) J Med Screen, 8 (1), pp. 29-34Warren, R., Hormones and mammographic breast density (2004) Maturitas, 49 (1), pp. 67-78Armitage, M., Nooney, J., Evans, S., Recent concerns surrounding HRT (2003) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 59 (2), pp. 145-155Mann, R.D., Hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer risk: Studies of the last fifteen years (1992) Hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer risk, pp. 1-8. , In: Mann RD, editor, New Jersey: Parthenon Publishing GroupBoyd, N.F., Byng, J.W., Jong, R.A., Quantitative classification of mammographic densities and breast cancer risk: Results from the Canadian National Breast Screening Study (1995) J Natl Cancer Inst, 87 (9), pp. 670-675Byrne, C., Schairer, C., Wolfe, J., Mammographic features and breast cancer risk: Effects with time, age, and menopause status (1995) J Natl Cancer Inst, 87 (21), pp. 1622-1629Maskarinec, G., Meng, L., A case-control study of mammographic densities in Hawaii (2000) Breast Cancer Res Treat, 63 (2), pp. 153-161Vachon, C.M., Kuni, C.C., Anderson, K., Anderson, V.E., Sellers, T.A., Association of mammographically defined percent breast density with epidemiologic risk factors for breast cancer (United States) (2000) Cancer Causes Control, 11 (7), pp. 653-662Noh, J.J., Maskarinec, G., Pagano, I., Cheung, L.W., Stanczyk, F.Z., Mammographic densities and circulating hormones: A cross-sectional study in premenopausal women (2006) Breast, 15 (1), pp. 20-28Laya, M.B., Gallagher, J.C., Schreiman, J.S., Effect of postmenopausal hormonal replacement therapy on mammographic density and parenchymal pattern (1995) Radiology, 196 (2), pp. 433-437Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer (1997) Lancet, 350 (9084), pp. 1047-1059. , Breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy: collaborative reanalysis of data from 51 epidemiological studies of 52,705 women with breast cancer and 108,411 women without breast cancerMarugg, R.C., van der Mooren, M.J., Hendriks, J.H., Rolland, R., Ruijs, S.H., Mammographic changes in postmenopausal women on hormonal replacement therapy (1997) Eur Radiol, 7 (5), pp. 749-755Koukoulis, G.N., Hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer risk (2000) Ann N Y Acad Sci, 900, pp. 422-428Lundström, E., Wilczek, B., von Palffy, Z., Söderqvist, G., von Schoultz, B., Mammographic breast density during hormone replacement therapy: Effects of continuous combination, unopposed transdermal and low-potency estrogen regimens (2001) Climacteric, 4 (1), pp. 42-48Greendale, G.A., Palla, S.L., Ursin, G., The association of endogenous sex steroids and sex steroid binding proteins with mammographic density: Results from the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions Mammographic Density Study (2005) Am J Epidemiol, 162 (9), pp. 826-834de Moraes-Ruehsen, M., Jones, G.S., Premature ovarian failure (1967) Fertil Steril, 18 (4), pp. 440-461Cymberknoh, M., Mamografia digital (1994) Mastologia atual, pp. 75-78. , In: Dias EN, Caleffi M, Silva HMS, Figueira-Filho ASS, eds., Rio de Janeiro: RevinterWolfe, J.N., Breast patterns as an index of risk for developing breast cancer (1976) AJR Am J Roentgenol, 126 (6), pp. 1130-1137Snedecor, W.G., Cochram, W.G., The comparison of two samples (1989) Statistical methods, pp. 83-102. , In: Snedecor WG, Cochram WG, editors., 8thed Ames: Iowa State University PressPersson, I., Thurfjell, E., Holmberg, L., Effect of estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacement regimens on mammographic breast parenchymal density (1997) J Clin Oncol, 15 (10), pp. 3201-3207Harvey, J.A., Bovbjerg, V.E., Quantitative assessment of mammographic breast density: Relationship with breast cancer risk (2004) Radiology, 230 (1), pp. 29-4

Carbohydrate carbon sources induce loss of flocculation of an ale-brewing yeast strain

Aims: To identify the nutrients that can trigger the loss of flocculation under growth conditions in an ale-brewing strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC 1195. Methods and Results: Flocculation was evaluated using the method of Soares, EX. and Vroman, A. [Journal of Applied Microbiology (2003) 95, 325]. Yeast growth with metabolizable carbon sources (glucose, fructose, galactose, maltose or sucrose) at 2% (w/v), induced the loss of flocculation in yeast that had previously been allowed to flocculate. The yeast remained flocculent when transferred to a medium containing the required nutrients for yeast growth and a sole nonmetabolizable carbon source (lactose). Transfer of flocculent yeast into a growth medium with ethanol (4% v/v), as the sole carbon source did not induce the loss of flocculation. Even the addition of glucose (2% w/v) or glucose and antimycin A (0.1 mg lˉ¹) to this culture did not bring about loss of flocculation. Cycloheximide addition (15 mglˉ¹) to glucose-growing cells stopped flocculation loss. Conclusions: Carbohydrates were the nutrients responsible for stimulating the loss of flocculation in flocculent yeast cells transferred to growing conditions. The glucose-induced loss of flocculation required de novo protein synthesis. Ethanol prevented glucose-induced loss of flocculation. This protective effect of ethanol was independent of the respiratory function of the yeast. Significance and Impact of the Study: This work contributes to the elucidation of the role of nutrients in the control of the flocculation cycle in NewFlo phenotype yeast strains.Instituto Politécnico do Porto (IPP) - Fundo de Apoio à Investigação - Project P24/96 , P24/97.Programa Plurianual de Unidades de I&D-CIEA/ ISEP

Flocculation onset in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: effect of ethanol, heat and osmotic stress

Aims: To examine the effect of different stress conditions on the onset of flocculation in an ale-brewing strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC 1195. Methods and Results: Flocculation was evaluated using the method of Soares, E.V. and Vroman, A. [Journal of Applied Microbiology (2003) 95, 325]; plasma membrane integrity was accessed using propidium iodide and the staining of the yeast cell wall was performed using calcofluor white M2R. Cells in exponential phase of growth were subjected to different stress conditions. The addition of 1%, 3% and 5% (v/v) ethanol, 1% and 3% (v/v) isopropanol or a brief heat shock (52ºC, 5 min), did not induce an early flocculation phenotype when compared with control cells. The addition of 10% (v/v) ethanol, a continuous mild heat-stress (37ºC) or an osmotic stress (0.5 or 1 mol l-1 of NaCl) did not induce a flocculent phenotype. Conclusions: Flocculation seems not to be induced as a response to different chemical (ethanol and isopropanol) and physical (heat and osmotic) stress conditions. Conversely, osmotic and ethanol [10% (v/v)] stress, as well as a continuous mild heat shock (37ºC), have a negative impact on the phenotype expression of flocculation. Significance and Impact of the Study: The findings reported here contribute to the elucidation of the control of yeast flocculation. This information might be useful to the brewing industry, as the time when the onset of flocculation occurs can determine the fermentation performance and the beer quality, as well as in other biotechnological industries where flocculation can be used as a cell separation process.ERASMUS; ISEP (Portugal)

Nanomaterials for Advancing the Health Immunosensor

Nanotechnology has exerted a significant impact in the development of biosensors allowing more sensible analytical methods. In health applications, the main challenge of the immunoassay is to reach the suitable limit of detection, recognizing different analytes in complex samples like whole blood, serum, urine, and other biological fluids. Different nanomaterials, including metallic, silica and magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, have been applied, mainly to improve charge electron transfer, catalytic activity, amount of immobilized biomolecules, low-background current, signal-to-noise ratio that consequently increase the sensitivity of immunosensors. Given the great impact of nanotechnology, this chapter intends to discuss new aspects of nanomaterials relating to immunosensor advancement