4,265 research outputs found

    Ecocardiografia para avaliação cardiovascular de crianças com sobrepeso/obesidade: uma revisão

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    In Brazil, the current data show that the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children is high and increasing. In this scenario it is necessary to detect early cardiovascular changes resulting from this framework. This review is a descriptive exploratory study that addresses the use of transthoracic echocardiography in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disorders and included publications on indexed scientific research bases, MEDLINE, SCIELO, and classical references during the period 2001-2013. The search terms used were “obesity”, “echocardiogram”, “cardiovascular disorders”. Transthoracic echocardiography accurately assesses in real time structure and cardiac function through echocardiographic parameters and therefore allows to detect early changes in diastolic function and left ventricular geometry

    A Avaliação da Aprendizagem na Modalidade de Educação a Distância: Caracterização sob a Égide de uma Revisão Sistemática

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    This study aims to characterize evaluation in distance education (DE) as part of the teaching-learning process. With the aid of the Methodi Ordinatio tool, 15 studies were selected and analyzed in the databases of Capes, ScienceDirect and Scopus. The findings denote challenges that still exist in the EaD evaluation process, as well as reveal the need for self regulating behavior on the part of students, evaluations that meet the students; particularities and feedbacks that assist in monitoring learning. In general, the evaluation in distance education has shown to be promising, however, there are still few studies that consider the effectiveness of evaluative instruments in virtual environments. Keywords: Distance education. Student assessment. Virtual environment.Este estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar a avaliação na educação a distância (EaD) enquanto parte do processo de ensino aprendizagem. Com auxílio da ferramenta Methodi Ordinatio foram selecionados e analisados 15 estudos nasbases de dados da Capes, da ScienceDirect e da Scopus. Os achados denotam desafios ainda existentes no processo avaliativo da EaD, bem como revelam a necessidade de um comportamento autorregulador da parte discente, de avaliaçõesque atendam às particularidades dos alunos e de feedbacks que auxiliem no monitoramento do aprendizado. De um modo geral, a avaliação na educação a distância tem se demonstrado promissora, no entanto, ainda são evidenciados poucos estudos que consideram a eficácia de instrumentos avaliativos em ambientes virtuais. Palavras-chave: Educação a distância. Avaliação do aluno. Ambiente virtual

    ENERGIA FOTOVOLTAICA COMO MATRIZ ENERGÉTICA SUSTENTÁVEL EM ORGANIZAÇÕES

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    The aim of this paper is investigate the evolution of the energetic photovoltaic matrix in the company NORD Eletric SA. This is justified by the importance of the sustainability and creation of clean energy making use of the emerging and innovative alternative in the regional area supporting the economic and environmental. The study used a qualitative and quantitative approach. The responsible for the company was interviewed and secondary data were researched. The techniques of analyze used were descriptive and content. The results show that it is possible and feasible the exploration of the photovoltaic energy strengthen and diversifying the energetic matrix characterized by local energy without transmission net. We realized that, from a management focused in new sustainable technologies it is possible to enlarge the Brazilian energetic matrix through alternative ways. Therefore, we conclude that the company looks for investment in technology applied to alternative energy to be competitive in business.O estudo tem como objetivo principal investigar a evolução da inserção da matriz energética fotovoltaica na empresa NORD Eletric S/A. Justifica-se pela relevância da temática sustentabilidade e geração de energias limpas, aproveitando uma alternativa emergente e inovadora a nível regional, atendendo os pilares econômico e ambiental. O estudo de caso utilizou uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. Foi realizada uma entrevista estruturada de ordem não probabilística por acessibilidade com o responsável pela empresa NORD Eletric S/A e foram pesquisados dados secundários do setor. As técnicas de análise utilizadas foram descritiva e de conteúdo. Os resultados revelam que é possível e viável a exploração da energia fotovoltaica, fortalecendo e diversificando a matriz energética, caracterizada por uma energia com geração local sem redes de transmissão. No entanto, falta uma política que esclareça e incentive a busca por essa fonte. Percebe-se que a partir de uma gestão com visão focada em novas tecnologias sustentáveis, é possível ampliar a matriz energética brasileira via caminhos alternativos. Portanto, conclui-se que a empresa busca investimentos em tecnologia aplicada às energias alternativas, como estratégia competitiva dos negócios

    Fire behaviour in different periods and configurations of a landscape in Northeastern Portugal

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    Neste trabalho aborda-se a importância do planejamento do uso e ocupação do solo, e do manejo dos sistemas florestais na redução do perigo de incêndio, analisando-se o comportamento do fogo em relação às alterações na paisagem da Deilão, nordeste de Portugal. Foram utilizadas cadeias de Markov e modelos de autômatos celulares como metodologia para projetar a paisagem no futuro. FlamMap foi utilizado para simular o comportamento do fogo. De acordo com as métricas da paisagem obtidas no Fragstats, observou- se que os cenários e projeções em Deilão têm uma tendência à simplificação da paisagem, o que pode facilitar a ocorrência de incêndios maiores e mais graves. A análise dos resultados indicou uma tendência ao aumento do perigo de incêndios na região, em grande parte, ocasionado pela expansão de plantações contínuas de florestas. Para evitar tais impactos, o manejo florestal e ordenamento da paisagem devem ser modificados a fim de se reduzir o acúmulo de materiais combustíveis.In this study, we discuss the importance of land use, land cover planning and forest stand management in fire hazard reduction, through the analysis of fire behavior in relation to landscape changes in Deilão, northeastern Portugal. Markov chains and cellular automata model were used to project future landscapes whose structures were quantified by landscape metrics. The FlamMap model was used to simulate fire behavior. According to landscape metrics from Fragstats, we observed that scenarios and projections in Deilão have a trend towards landscape simplification, which may facilitate the occurrence of larger, more severe fires. The analyses indicate an increased fire hazard trend in the region, largely caused by the continuity of forest cover. To avoid such impacts, forest management and landscape plannig should be modified in order to reduce the accumulation of combustible materials.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    A step test to assess exercise-related oxygen desaturation in interstitial lung disease

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    A 6-min step test (6MST) may constitute a practical method for routinely assessing effort tolerance and exercise-related oxyhaemoglobin desaturation (ERD) in the primary care of patients with interstitial lung disease.In total, 31 patients (19 males) with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis I and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonia were submitted, on different days, to two 6MSTs. Physiological responses were compared with those found on maximal and submaximal cycle ergometer tests at the same oxygen uptake I Chronic breathlessness was also determined, as measured by the baseline dyspnoea index (BDI).Responses to 6MST were highly reproducible: 1.3 +/- 2.0 steps(.)min(-1), +/- 5 beats(.)min(-1) (cardiac frequency), +/- 50 mL(.)min(-1) (V'O-2), +/- 7 L(.)min(-1) (minute ventilation) and +/- 2% (arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry (Sp,O-2)). the number of steps climbed in 6 min was correlated to peak V'O-2 and the BDI. There were significant associations among the tests in relation to presence (change in Sp,O-2 between rest and exercise >= 4%) and severity (Sp,O-2 < 88%) of ERD. Four patients, however, presented ERD only in response to 6MST. Resting diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide and alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference were the independent predictors of the number of steps climbed.A single-stage, self-paced 6-min step test provided reliable and reproducible estimates of exercise capacity and exercise-related oxyhaemoglobin desaturation in interstitial lung disease patients.UNIFESP, EPM, Dept Med,SEFICE, Div Resp,Pulm Funct & Clin Exercise Physiol Unit, BR-04020050 São Paulo, BrazilUNIFESP, EPM, Dept Med,SEFICE, Div Resp,Pulm Funct & Clin Exercise Physiol Unit, BR-04020050 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

    Modelling the Inorganic Bromine Partitioning in the Tropical Tropopause over the Pacific Ocean

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    The stratospheric inorganic bromine burden (Bry) arising from the degradation of brominated very short-lived organic substances (VSL org ), and its partitioning between reactive and reservoir species, is needed for a comprehensive assessment of the ozone depletion potential of brominated trace gases. Here we present modelled inorganic bromine abundances over the Pacific tropical tropopause based on aircraft observations of VSL org of two campaigns of the Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment (ATTREX 2013 carried out over eastern Pacific and ATTREX 2014 carried out over the western Pacific) and chemistry-climate simulations (along ATTREX flight tracks) using the specific meteorology prevailing. Using the Community Atmosphere Model with Chemistry (CAM-Chem), we model that BrO and Br are the daytime dominant species. Integrated across all ATTREX flights BrO represents ~ 43 % and 48 % of daytime Bry abundance at 17 km over the Western and Eastern Pacific, respectively. The results also show zones where Br/BrO >1 depending on the solar zenith angle (SZA), ozone concentration and temperature. On the other hand, BrCl and BrONO 2 were found to be the dominant night-time species with ~ 61% and 56 % of abundance at 17 km over the Western and Eastern Pacific, respectively. The western-to-eastern differences in the partitioning of inorganic bromine are explained by different abundances of ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) , and total inorganic chlorine (Cly).Fil: Navarro, María A.. University of Miami; Estados UnidosFil: Saiz-lopez, Alfonso. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Química Física; EspañaFil: Cuevas, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Química Física; EspañaFil: Fernandez, Rafael Pedro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Universidad Tecnologica Nacional. Facultad Regional Mendoza. Secretaría de Ciencia, Tecnología y Postgrado; ArgentinaFil: Atlas, Elliot. University of Miami; Estados UnidosFil: Rodriguez Lloeveras, Xavier. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Química Física; EspañaFil: Kinnison, Douglas E.. National Center For Atmospheric Research. Amospheric Chemistry División; Estados UnidosFil: Lamarque, Jean Francois. National Center For Atmospheric Research. Amospheric Chemistry División; Estados UnidosFil: Tilmes, Simone. National Center For Atmospheric Research. Amospheric Chemistry División; Estados UnidosFil: Thornberry, Troy. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados Unidos. Earth System Research Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Rollins, Andrew. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados Unidos. Earth System Research Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Elkins, James W.. Earth System Research Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Hintsa, Eric J.. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados Unidos. Earth System Research Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Moore, Fred L.. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados Unidos. Earth System Research Laboratory; Estados Unido

    Biophysical Processes Determining the Connectivity of the Alboran Sea Fish Populations

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    This chapter revises biogeophysical issues of connectivity processes for fish populations in the Alboran Sea—Strait of Gibraltar—Gulf of Cadiz area. Connectivity of early life history stages between distant spawning grounds is crucial to incorporate vital developmental rates that condition survival probabilities at critical ontogenic stages. Hydrodynamics is pivotal to the process and most particular for pelagic species originating from adult fish adapted to recurrent patterns. Therefore, special focus has been placed on the hydrodynamics of the region, particularly on the Alboran Sea where the swift and energetic eastward-flowing Atlantic Jet entering the basin from the Strait of Gibraltar determines the surface circulation patterns. The Jet establishes an obvious zonal west-to-east connectivity, prevents the one in the opposite east-to-west direction and works as a hydrodynamic barrier that hampers the north-to-south connectivity. The chapter addresses these processes, discusses possible mechanisms to achieve connectivity between north and south shores, which have to overcome the hydrodynamic barrier, and assesses the feasibility of east-to-west connectivity by means of intermediate-depth currents. Implications on the populations and ecosystems of the Alboran Sea and on the three main harvested species potentially affected by hydrodynamic connectivity in the basin (European hake, the sardine, and the blackspot seabream) are also commented.Preprin

    Sustainability urban solid waste management: a study on restaurants in Irati City, PR

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    Mudanças nos comportamentos alimentares associadas ao crescimento da alimentação fora do lar refletem o aumento da preocupação com o gerenciamento correto de resíduos sólidos gerados em restaurantes com o propósito de mitigar problemas ambientais, sociais e econômicos. A fim de elucidar essa questão, este estudo teve como objetivo principal investigar o gerenciamento e o descarte final de resíduos sólidos em restaurantes no município de Irati, PR, e sua relação com a sustentabilidade. Para tanto, optou-se pela realização de uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem mista, conduzida por meio de estudos de casos múltiplos em dez restaurantes selecionados intencionalmente. A operacionalização ocorreu nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2019, por meio de entrevistas com os gestores, aplicação de questionários aos colaboradores e observações in loco. Além disso, foram utilizados como apoio à investigação documentos legais e regulamentares pertinentes à temática dos resíduos sólidos. Os resultados apontam a diversidade de resíduos sólidos gerados nos restaurantes e destacam a presença do óleo de cozinha e lâmpadas, sendo resíduos perigosos. Denotou-se uma gestão deficiente dos resíduos sólidos, considerando a existência de inconformidades relacionadas às fases de gerenciamento, bem como a ausência de PGRS. Além disso, são evidenciadas poucas ações vinculadas ao cumprimento das leis e regulamentos relacionados à temática, o que pode ser identificado, por exemplo, na não responsabilização pela destinação de todos os resíduos gerados e na prática limitada da logística reversa. Considerando a discussão sob a perspectiva da sustentabilidade, destacam-se pontos positivos e negativos nos três pilares, ambiental, econômico e social e denota-se uma não visualização, por parte dos restaurantes, de práticas sustentáveis como oportunidade de negócios. Deficiências são justificadas pela falta de informações, bem como pelo baixo poder de enforcement das regulamentações existentes, sendo necessárias políticas públicas direcionadas.Changes in eating behaviors associated with the growth of food outside the home reflect the increased concern with the correct management of solid waste generated in restaurants to mitigate environmental, social, and economic problems. To elucidate this issue, this study aimed to investigate the administration and final disposal of solid waste in restaurants in the municipality of Irati, PR, and its impacts concerning sustainability. To this end, it was decided to conduct descriptive research with a mixed approach, conducted through multiple case studies in ten restaurants selected intentionally. Operationalization took place in September and October 2019 through interviews with managers, questionnaires to employees, and observations on the spot. In addition, legal and regulatory documents relevant to the solid waste theme were used to support research. The results show the diversity of solid waste generated in restaurants and highlight the cooking oil and lamps presence, being as hazardous waste. Deficient solid waste management was noted, considering the existence of non-conformities related to the management phases, as well as the absence of the PGRS. In addition, there are few actions linked to compliance with laws and regulations related to the theme, which can be identified, for example, in the non-responsibility for the destination of all the waste generated and in the limited practice of reverse logistics. Considering the discussion from the perspective of sustainability, there are positive and negative points in the three pillars, environmental, economic, and social, and there is a failure of restaurants to see sustainable practices as a business opportunity. Deficiencies are justified by the lack of information as well as the low enforcement power of the existing regulations, requiring targeted public policies

    Expression of matrix metalloproteinases -2 and -9 in saliva from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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    The increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) is considered a key factor in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed at assessing expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in saliva from patients with COPD, comparing them to those of healthy subjects, thus assessing the feasibility of characterizing specific biomarkers for COPD. Patients with COPD (n=16) and healthy controls (n=9) were selected; both groups submitted to spirometry and to collection of saliva samples. Saliva levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were determined by Western blot. MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were significantly higher in COPD patients than in control subjects. In COPD patients, a moderate, negative correlation was found between MMP-2 concentration and forced expiatory volume at the first second (r= -0.582; p=0.014). These findings open new perspectives to study specific biomarkers in saliva to predict and monitor airway obstruction in COPD patients.O aumento da expressão das metaloproteinases da matriz extracelular (MPM) é considerado um importante fator no desenvolvimento da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC). O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os níveis de expressão da MPM-2 e MPM-9 na saliva de pacientes com DPOC em comparação com indivíduos saudáveis, verificando a viabilidade de usar a saliva para a caracterização de biomarcadores específicos em DPOC. Foram selecionados pacientes com DPOC (n=16) e controles saudáveis (n=9). Em ambos os grupos foram realizados teste espirométrico e obtidas amostras de saliva de cada indivíduo. Os níveis de MPM-2 e MPM-9 na saliva foram determinados pela técnica Western blot. A MPM-2 e a MPM-9 foram significativamente maiores em pacientes com DPOC do que no grupo de indivíduos saudáveis. Foi encontrada moderada correlação negativa entre a concentração de MPM-2 e o volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (r= -0,582, p=0,014) em pacientes com DPOC. Estes resultados abrem novas perspectivas para o estudo específico de biomarcadores na saliva para predizer e monitorar a obstrução ao fluxo aéreo em pacientes com DPOC
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