Simultaneous determination of antiretroviral zidovudine, lamivudine and efavirenz by RP HPLC-DAD

A reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (RP HPLC-DAD) method for simultaneous determination of lamivudine (3TC), zidovudine (AZT), two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and efavirenz (EFV), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, in tablets is described. The drugs separation was performed on a C18 column (250 x 4,6 mm, 5 μm - Phenomenex®), through a mobile phase drag composed by a binary gradient of acetonitrile and water HPLC grade. The drugs detection was performed at 248 nm, resulting in a 14 min chromatographic run. The samples were prepared by crushing tablets, weighing powder, diluting it by a 10 min sonication and filtrating solution, resulting in samples with final concentration of 20, 40 e 40 μg.mL–1 of 3TC, AZT and EFV, respectively. The method was adequate for quality control purposes and was validated following the ICH guidelines.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Comparison of methods for the determination of ornidazole in film-coated

O antimicrobiano ornidazol, derivado dos 5-nitroimidazólicos, atua seletivamente em bactérias anaeróbicas e protozoários, não existindo métodos para sua quantificação em compêndios oficiais. Este trabalho objetivou o desenvolvimento de dois métodos analíticos por meio de duas diferentes técnicas, a espectrofotometria UV-Vis e CLAE para a forma farmacêutica comprimido. Os resultados obtidos por meio destes métodos foram comparados entre si utilizando teste T de Student. Os melhores resultados obtidos para o método por UV-Vis foram: metanol: água destilada (45:55) como solução diluente, concentração da amostra 10.00 μg/mL e λ 320 nm. Os melhores resultados para o método por CLAE foram: coluna C18, temperatura do forno 30ºC, λ 318 nm, fase móvel: metanol:água purificada acidificada a 0.05% de ácido fosfórico (45:55), fluxo de 1.00 mL/min, concentração da amostra 40.00 μg/mL, volume de injeção de 20.00 μL, tempo de corrida 5 min. Os métodos foram considerados adequados ao uso pretendido e a comparação estatística entre estes comprova a sua equivalência.The antimicrobial drug ornidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole derivate, exerts seletive inhibition on protozoan and anaerobic bacteria. There isn’t a discribed method for its quantification in official compendiums. This work aimed the development of two analytical methods by means of different techniques, UV-Vis spectrophotometry and HPLC for the pharmaceutical form tablet. The results obtained through these methods have been compared by Student’s t-test. The best results obtained by UV-Vis method were: methanol:purified water (45:55) as diluent, sample concentration of 10 μg/mL and λ 320 nm. The best results obtained by HPLC method were: column C18 as stationary phase, oven temperature 30°C, λ 318 nm, mobile phase: methanol:purified water acidified to 5% with phosphoric acid (45:55), flow rate 1.00 mL/min, sample concentration 40 μg/mL, injection volume 20.00 μL. The methods have been considered suitable for the desired purpose and the statistics comparison between them proves their equivalence.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Acasalamento entre ovelhas deslanadas e reprodutores especializados para corte: desempenho produtivo até a desmama Hairsheep females mated to specialized meat-type rams: productive performance up to weaning

O presente experimento foi realizado para avaliar o desempenho produtivo de ovelhas deslanadas do Nordeste do Brasil acasaladas com machos de raças especializadas para corte. Dados de 305 parições oriundas de 134 matrizes dentro de três períodos de monta foram usados para determinar as taxas de desmame e sobrevivência das crias, o peso vivo ao desmame e o peso vivo total desmamado por ovelha acasalada. As fêmeas foram acasaladas, em sistema de rodízio de uso dos machos das raças Santa Inês, Hampshire-Down, Ile-de-France, Suffolk e Texel. O peso das crias ao desmame não diferiu entre genótipos. A taxa de desmame foi mais baixa para crias de Suffolk e de Texel, ao passo que crias de Hampshire-Down e Ile-de-France tiveram as taxas de sobrevivência mais baixas. Houve efeito compensatório entre os pesos ao nascer e ao desmame e as taxas de sobrevivência e desmame, de modo que o peso total de cordeiro desmamado não diferiu entre genótipos, à exceção para o grupo F1 de Hampshire-Down, devido à baixa taxa de sobrevivência dos cordeiros (71,4%), se comparado com as crias de Ile-de-France. Os acasalamentos ocorridos durante a estação chuvosa foram responsáveis pela menor produtividade das ovelhas. O desempenho das crias Santa Inês comparou-se ao das raças especializadas para o corte, podendo ser indicada como raça parental em programas de cruzamento com ovelhas deslanadas do Nordeste do Brasil.<br>This trial was conducted to evaluate production levels of native breed ewes of Northeast Brazil mated to rams of specialized meat-type breeds. A total of 305 lambings from 134 ewes over three periods of mating were used to determine weaning rate, survival rate and live weight at weaning and total weight of weaned lamb. The hairsheep ewes were mated in a rotational scheme of the use of rams from Santa Inês, Hampshire-Down, Ile-de-France, Suffolk and Texel breeds. Live weight at weaning did not differ among lamb genotypes. Weaning rate was lower for Suffolk and Texel crossbred lambs. Whereas, the lowest survival rates were observed for Hampshire-Down and Ile-de-France crossbred lambs. There was a compensatory effect among the weight at birth, weaning weight; weaning and survival rate, so that the total weight of weaned lamb did not differ among lamb genotypes except for Hampshire Down crossbred, due to its lower survival rate (71.4%) as compared to Ile-de-France crossbred lambs. The mating throughout the rainy season accounted for the decreased levels of productivity of the ewes. The Santa Inês hairsheep lamb performance compared to the other specialized meat-type sheep breeds and could be indicated as ram breed in crossbreeding programs for hairsheep in Northeast Brazil