Caracterización de depósitos carbonáticos ligados a paleosurgencias en el sector de Batallones-Malcovadeso (Neógeno de la Cuenca de Madrid)

En la zona de canteras de Valdeinfierno, en el sector de Batallones-Malcovadeso, parte centro-meridional de la Cuenca de Madrid, se ha reconocido una serie de depósitos carbonáticos que presentan geometría dómica y estructura interna columnar. Dentro de estos depósitos de carbonato se distinguen dos unidades. La inferior (U2) es mayoritariamente dolomítica y de estructura brechoide, y petrográficamente consiste en dolomicritas con cemento calcítico. La superior (U3) está formada tanto por dolomita como por calcita, y se caracteriza por el desarrollo de morfologías columnares de aspecto travertínico. Petrográficamente, los depósitos de esta unidad consisten en caliza con texturas alveolar y biogénica. Entre las columnas de carbonato se distinguen abundantes masas arcillosas. Hacia la base de estas unidades carbonáticas se sitúa una unidad detrítica (U1), formada por arenas feldespáticas y a su techo se dispone un conjunto lutítico con alguna intercalación carbonática de composición dolomítica (Unidad U4) y, por encima de estas lutitas, un conjunto calizo (Unidad U5). Las arcillas presentes en la unidad U3 tienen una composición (sepiolita > esmectita trioctaédrica ± illita) netamente diferente a las de la unidad U4 (esmectita dioctaédrica > illita ± caolinita). La composición isotópica de los carbonatos de las unidades U2 y U3, así como de los niveles carbonatados de la unidad U4, es bastante similar en el caso de la dolomita, con valores δ13C que oscilan entre –6,21 y –7,78‰ y entre –3,23 y –4,05‰ para el δ18O. Por otro lado, desde un punto de vista de su composición isotópica, se diferencian los carbonatos de la unidad 4 y del techo de la unidad 2, exclusivamente calcíticos, en los que los valores de δ13C oscilan entre –8,07 y –11,75‰, y los de δ18O entre –5,27 y –7,35‰. La calcita existente en los niveles dolomíticos presenta valores intermedios entre los dos grupos anteriores. Los rasgos de la sucesión sedimentaria y los resultados analíticos obtenidos indican una fase de expansión lacustre en la zona estudiada con un cambio en la química de las aguas, todo ello favorecido por la entrada de aguas subterráneas a través de surgencias.Este trabajo se ha realizado dentro del Proyecto de investigación CGL2005-03900/BTE financiado por el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia.Peer reviewe

Shannon entropy as a reliable score to diagnose human fibroelastic degenerative mitral chords: a micro-ct ex-vivo study

This paper is aimed at identifying by means of micro-CT the microstructural differences between normal and degenerative mitral marginal chordae tendineae. The control group is composed of 21 normal chords excised from 14 normal mitral valves from heart transplant recipients. The experimental group comprises 22 degenerative fibroelastic chords obtained at surgery from 11 pathological valves after mitral repair or replacement. In the control group the superficial endothelial cells and spongiosa layer remained intact, covering the wavy core collagen. In contrast, in the experimental group the collagen fibers were arranged as straightened thick bundles in a parallel configuration. 100 cross-sections were examined by micro-CT from each chord. Each image was randomized through the K-means machine learning algorithm and then, the global and local Shannon entropies were obtained. The optimum number of clusters, K, was estimated to maximize the differences between normal and degenerative chords in global and local Shannon entropy; the p-value after a nested ANOVA test was chosen as the parameter to be minimized. Optimum results were obtained with global Shannon entropy and 2≤K≤7, providing p < 0.01; for K=3, p = 2.86⋅10-³. These findings open the door to novel perioperative diagnostic methods in order to avoid or reduce postoperative mitral valve regurgitation recurrences.This work is supported by the “Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad” (MINECO) and the “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII) of Spain, through projects INTRACARDIO (DTS17/00056) and CIBER-BBN (co-financed by FEDER funds) and IDIVAL under project DiCuTen (INNVAL16/02). The technical contributions from the members of the DICUTEN and the financial contribution from the IDIVAL are gratefully acknowledged. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Clinical Research of Cantabria – IDIVAL (Acta 02/2018)

Best practice of nurse managers in risk management

OBJECTIVE: to identify the actions, undertaken by nurse managers in a risk management program, considered as best practice. METHOD: a case study undertaken in a private hospital in the south of Brazil. A risk manager and nurse managers working in a risk management program participated in this study. The data was collected between May and September 2011 through analysis of documents, semi-structured interviews and non-participant observation. Based on the triangulation, the data was analyzed through practical measures. RESULTS: educational actions, the critical analysis of the context, and the multiple dimensions of the management were evidenced as best practice. CONCLUSIONS: the broadening of understanding regarding risk management best practice offers further support for nurse managers to achieve excellence in their actions and thus provide safe and quality care

Temporal flowability evolution of slag-based self-compacting concrete with recycled concrete aggregate

The addition of by-products, such as recycled concrete aggregate and ground granulated blast furnace slag, modify the in-fresh flowability of ordinary self-compacting concrete both initially and over time. A detailed study is presented in this paper of 18 mixtures (SF3 slump-flow class) containing 100% coarse recycled concrete aggregate, two types of cement (CEM I or CEM III/A, the latter with 45% ground granulated blast furnace slag), different contents of fine recycled concrete aggregate (0, 50, or 100%), and three different aggregate powders (ultra-fine limestone powder <0.063 mm, limestone fines 0/0.5 mm, and recycled concrete aggregate 0/0.5 mm). The temporal evolution of slump flow, viscosity, and passing ability, and the values of segregation resistance, air content, fresh and hardened density, and compressive strength were evaluated in all the mixtures. The addition of fine recycled concrete aggregate and CEM III/A improved initial slump flow and passing ability by 6%, due to their higher proportion of fines. Nevertheless, the temporal loss of flowability within 60 min was 5.8% lower when adding natural aggregate and CEM I. Viscosity and air content increased 26% on average following additions of fine recycled concrete aggregate, unlike with additions of ground granulated blast furnace slag. Flowability and strength increased with the addition of limestone fines 0/0.5 mm. According to multi-criteria analyses, the mixtures with CEM III/A, 50% fine recycled concrete aggregate, and limestone fines 0/0.5 mm showed an optimal balance between their flowability (SF2 slump-flow class 60 min after the mixing process), compressive strengths (around 60 MPa), and carbon footprints.Spanish Ministry MCIU, AEI and ERDF [grant numbers FPU17/03374 and RTI 2018-097079-B-C31]; the Junta de Castilla y León (Regional Government) and ERDF [grant number UIC-231, BU119P17]; the Youth Employment Initiative (JCyL) and ESF [grant number UBU05B_1274]; the University of Burgos [grant number SUCONS, Y135. GI], UPV/EHU (PPGA20/26) and, finally, our thanks also to the Basque Government research group IT1314-19

Direct enzymatic esterification of cotton and Avicel with wild-type and engineered cutinases

In this work, the surface of cellulose, either Avicel or cotton fabric, was modified using cutinases without any previous treatment to swell or to solubilise the polymer. Aiming further improvement of cutinase ester synthase activity on cellulose, an engineered cutinase was investigated. Wild-type cutinase from Fusarium solani and its fusion with the carbohydrate-binding module N1 from Cellulomonas fimi were able to esterify the hydroxyl groups of cellulose with distinct efficiencies depending on the acid substrate/solvent system used, as shown by titration and by ATR-FTIR. The carbonyl stretching peak area increased significantly after enzymatic treatment during 72 h at 30 °C. Cutinase treatment resulted in relative increases of 31 and 9 % when octanoic acid and vegetable oil were used as substrates, respectively. Cutinase-N1 treatment resulted in relative increases of 11 and 29 % in the peak area when octanoic acid and vegetable oil were used as substrates, respectively. The production and application of cutinase fused with the domain N1 as a cellulose ester synthase, here reported for the first time, is therefore an interesting strategy to pursuit.This work was co-funded by the European Social Fund through the management authority POPH and FCT, Postdoctoral fellowship reference: SFRH/BPD/47555/2008. The authors also want to thank Doctor Raul Machado for his valuable help on FTIR spectral data treatment

The role of dietary fibre in pig production, with a particular emphasis on reproduction

Abstract Fibres from a variety of sources are a common constituent of pig feeds. They provide a means to utilise locally-produced plant materials which are often a by-product of the food or drink industry. The value of a high fibre diet in terms of producing satiety has long been recognised. However the addition of fibre can reduce feed intake, which is clearly detrimental during stages of the production cycle when nutrient needs are high, for example in growing piglets and during lactation. More recently, fibre has been found to promote novel benefits to pig production systems, particularly given the reduction in antimicrobial use world-wide, concern for the welfare of animals fed a restricted diet and the need to ensure that such systems are more environmentally friendly. For example, inclusion of dietary fibre can alter the gut microbiota in ways that could reduce the need for antibiotics, while controlled addition of certain fibre types may reduce nitrogen losses into the environment and so reduce the environmental cost of pig production. Of particular potential value is the opportunity to use crude fibre concentrates as ‘functional’ feed additives to improve young pig growth and welfare. Perhaps the greatest opportunity for the use of high fibre diets is to improve the reproductive efficiency of pigs. Increased dietary fibre before mating improves oocyte maturation, prenatal survival and litter size; providing a consumer-acceptable means of increasing the amount of saleable meat produced per sow. The mechanisms responsible for these beneficial effects remain to be elucidated. However, changes in plasma and follicular fluid concentrations of key hormones and metabolites, as well as effects of the hypothalamic satiety centre on gonadotrophin secretion and epigenetic effects are strong candidates

The Convex Geometry of Linear Inverse Problems

In applications throughout science and engineering one is often faced with the challenge of solving an ill-posed inverse problem, where the number of available measurements is smaller than the dimension of the model to be estimated. However in many practical situations of interest, models are constrained structurally so that they only have a few degrees of freedom relative to their ambient dimension. This paper provides a general framework to convert notions of simplicity into convex penalty functions, resulting in convex optimization solutions to linear, underdetermined inverse problems. The class of simple models considered are those formed as the sum of a few atoms from some (possibly infinite) elementary atomic set; examples include well-studied cases such as sparse vectors and low-rank matrices, as well as several others including sums of a few permutations matrices, low-rank tensors, orthogonal matrices, and atomic measures. The convex programming formulation is based on minimizing the norm induced by the convex hull of the atomic set; this norm is referred to as the atomic norm. The facial structure of the atomic norm ball carries a number of favorable properties that are useful for recovering simple models, and an analysis of the underlying convex geometry provides sharp estimates of the number of generic measurements required for exact and robust recovery of models from partial information. These estimates are based on computing the Gaussian widths of tangent cones to the atomic norm ball. When the atomic set has algebraic structure the resulting optimization problems can be solved or approximated via semidefinite programming. The quality of these approximations affects the number of measurements required for recovery. Thus this work extends the catalog of simple models that can be recovered from limited linear information via tractable convex programming