1,142 research outputs found
Institutions, Democracy and Growth:A Long Run Analysis
In this paper, based on our past research, we have set ourselves the goal of testing the following hypothesis: the fundamental precondition for the due protection of private property is personal immunity in the broad sense, i.e. guarantees of rights such as the protection of life, personal freedoms and the inviolability of private property, including the requisite institutions for the enforcement of the same, often conceived of in political terms.Property Rights, Democracy
High resolution bathymetric survey on the NW slope of Walvis Ridge, offshore Namibia
Expedition 17/1 of the German research vessel R/V MARIA S. MERIAN, carried out geophysical
surveys and experiments between November and December 2010 in the area
around Walvis Ridge, Southeast Atlantic Ocean. Among the data collected, a high-resolution
bathymetric dataset aquired on the northwestern slope of the ridge offers some important
preliminary insights into the tectonic evolution of the ridge and the adjoining lower
continental slopes and ocean basin. The NE-SW trending Walvis Ridge has a trapezoid
shape and is likely built up by thick sequences of plateau basalts, with top of basement
rocks inclined to the south. Sediments are almost absent on the NW side of the ridge, preserving
a fascinating mountainscape formed early in the tectonic history, most probably
on-land. This interpretation is supported by clear denudational features, like steep cliffs up
to 150 m high, and deeply incised valleys, defining paleo-drainages. Isolated, flat-topped
guyots seaward of the ocean-continent boundary attest to a later history of wave abrasion
and progressive subsidence of Walvis Ridge
The Russian Foreign Exchange Policy on the Wave of Crisis Cycle
The work analyses the foreign exchange policy of The Central Bank of Russia in the wake of the 1988 financial crisis. The period (1998–2006) called “crisis wave” is divided into several wave phases and each one should be analyzed sepa-rately. Special attention is given to the last wave phase starting in 2003. The foreign exchange policy rule is estimated by using VECM methodology. Two alternative hypotheses of exchange rate targeting (real against nominal targeting) are tested for that period.exchange policy; financial crisis
The Proterozoic Ladoga rift (SE Baltic shield):Linking mantle dynamics to supercontinent cycle and regional tectonics
Seismic explosion sources on an ice cap – technical considerations
Controlled source seismic investigation of crustal structure below ice covers is an emerging technique. We have recently conducted an explosive refraction/wide-angle reflection seismic experiment on the ice cap in east-central Greenland. The data-quality is high for all shot points and a full crustal model can be modelled. A crucial challenge for applying the technique is to control the sources. Here, we present data that describe the efficiency of explosive sources in the ice cover. Analysis of the data shows, that the ice cap traps a significant amount of energy, which is observed as a strong ice wave. The ice cap leads to low transmission of energy into the crust such that charges need be larger than in conventional onshore experiments to obtain reliable seismic signals. The strong reflection coefficient at the base of the ice generates strong multiples which may mask for secondary phases. This effect may be crucial for acquisition of reflection seismic profiles on ice caps. Our experience shows that it is essential to use optimum depth for the charges and to seal the boreholes carefully
Towards a Better Theoretical Understanding of Independent Subnetwork Training
Modern advancements in large-scale machine learning would be impossible
without the paradigm of data-parallel distributed computing. Since distributed
computing with large-scale models imparts excessive pressure on communication
channels, significant recent research has been directed toward co-designing
communication compression strategies and training algorithms with the goal of
reducing communication costs. While pure data parallelism allows better data
scaling, it suffers from poor model scaling properties. Indeed, compute nodes
are severely limited by memory constraints, preventing further increases in
model size. For this reason, the latest achievements in training giant neural
network models also rely on some form of model parallelism. In this work, we
take a closer theoretical look at Independent Subnetwork Training (IST), which
is a recently proposed and highly effective technique for solving the
aforementioned problems. We identify fundamental differences between IST and
alternative approaches, such as distributed methods with compressed
communication, and provide a precise analysis of its optimization performance
on a quadratic model.Comment: 32 page
- …