377 research outputs found
A Generic Multi-Player Transformation Algorithm for Solving Large-Scale Zero-Sum Extensive-Form Adversarial Team Games
Many recent practical and theoretical breakthroughs focus on adversarial team
multi-player games (ATMGs) in ex ante correlation scenarios. In this setting,
team members are allowed to coordinate their strategies only before the game
starts. Although there existing algorithms for solving extensive-form ATMGs,
the size of the game tree generated by the previous algorithms grows
exponentially with the number of players. Therefore, how to deal with
large-scale zero-sum extensive-form ATMGs problems close to the real world is
still a significant challenge. In this paper, we propose a generic multi-player
transformation algorithm, which can transform any multi-player game tree
satisfying the definition of AMTGs into a 2-player game tree, such that finding
a team-maxmin equilibrium with correlation (TMECor) in large-scale ATMGs can be
transformed into solving NE in 2-player games. To achieve this goal, we first
introduce a new structure named private information pre-branch, which consists
of a temporary chance node and coordinator nodes and aims to make decisions for
all potential private information on behalf of the team members. We also show
theoretically that NE in the transformed 2-player game is equivalent TMECor in
the original multi-player game. This work significantly reduces the growth of
action space and nodes from exponential to constant level. This enables our
work to outperform all the previous state-of-the-art algorithms in finding a
TMECor, with 182.89, 168.47, 694.44, and 233.98 significant improvements in the
different Kuhn Poker and Leduc Poker cases (21K3, 21K4, 21K6 and 21L33). In
addition, this work first practically solves the ATMGs in a 5-player case which
cannot be conducted by existing algorithms.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, NIPS 202
Nickel Nitride Particles Supported on 2D Activated GrapheneâBlack Phosphorus Heterostructure: An Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Hydrogen is regarded as the most promising green clean energy in the 21st century. Developing the highly efficient and lowâcost electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great concern for the hydrogen industry. In the water electrolyzed reaction, the overpotential and the kinetics are the main hurdles for OER. Therefore, an efficient and durable oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalyst is required. In this study, an activated graphene (AG)âblack phosphorus (BP) nanosheets hybrid is fabricated for supporting Ni3N particles (Ni3N/BPâAG) in the application of OER. The Ni3N particles are combined with the BPâAG heterostructure via facile mechanical ball milling under argon protection. The synthesized Ni3N/BPâAG shows excellent catalytic performance toward the OER, demanding the overpotential of 233 mV for a current density of 10 mA cmâ2 with a Tafel slope of 42 mV decâ1. The Ni3N/BPâAG catalysts also show remarkable stability with a retention rate of the current density of about 86.4% after measuring for 10 000 s in potentiostatic mode.A black phosphorus (BP)âactivated graphene (AG) heterostructure is designed for supporting nickel nitride (Ni3N) to enhance the performance of oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The Ni3N/BPâAG exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance toward OER with low overpotential and small Tafel slope. It also shows remarkable stability with a retention rate of â86.4% OER activity after 10 000 s.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152804/1/smll201901530.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152804/2/smll201901530_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152804/3/smll201901530-sup-0001-S1.pd
Incontinentia Pigmenti: Case Report
Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) or Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome, is a rare X linked dominant disorder with characteristic skin, hair, eye, dental and neurological abnormalities mostly affecting females. We reported two cases of newborn female children exhibiting characteristic cutaneous and neurological findings with one year follow-up.</p
Formamide deionized accelerates the somatic embryogenesis of Cunninghamia lanceolata
Aim of the study: To improve the efficiency of the somatic embryogenesis (SE) in Cunninghamia lanceolata.
Area of the study: The study was conducted at Nanjing Forestry University (Nanjing, China).
Material and methods: Immature cones of C. lanceolata, genotype 01A1 which was planted in Yangkou State-owned Forest Farm (Fujian, China), were used to induced callus. These calli were used to induce SE, concentration gradients of 0 g/L, 0.01134 g/L, 0.1134 g/L, 1.1134 g/L and 11.34 g/L of FD was added, to explore the optimal concentration for promoting SE of C. lanceolata.
Main results: Low concentration of FD promoted the maturation of somatic embryos, while high concentration of FD lead to browning of embryogenic callus. The seedling rate and rooting number of seedlings induced by different concentrations of FD were significantly different.
Research highlights: This study may aid in the rapid maturation of C. lanceolata somatic embryos and is useful for accelerated C. lanceolata breeding.
Keywords: C. lanceolata; Formamide Deionized; Somatic embryogenesis; Seedling rate.
Abbreviations used: FD (Formamide Deionized), FD0 (the concentration of 0 g/L FD), FD0.01134 (the concentration of 0.01134 g/L FD), FD0.1134 (the concentration of 0.1134 g/L FD), FD1.134 (the concentration of 1.134 g/L FD), FD11.34 (the concentration of 11.34 g/L FD)
Electronic Structure, Surface Doping, and Optical Response in Epitaxial WSe2 Thin Films
High quality WSe2 films have been grown on bilayer graphene (BLG) with
layer-by-layer control of thickness using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The
combination of angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES), scanning tunneling
microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS), and optical absorption measurements reveal
the atomic and electronic structures evolution and optical response of
WSe2/BLG. We observe that a bilayer of WSe2 is a direct bandgap semiconductor,
when integrated in a BLG-based heterostructure, thus shifting the
direct-indirect band gap crossover to trilayer WSe2. In the monolayer limit,
WSe2 shows a spin-splitting of 475 meV in the valence band at the K point, the
largest value observed among all the MX2 (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se) materials. The
exciton binding energy of monolayer-WSe2/BLG is found to be 0.21 eV, a value
that is orders of magnitude larger than that of conventional 3D semiconductors,
yet small as compared to other 2D transition metal dichalcogennides (TMDCs)
semiconductors. Finally, our finding regarding the overall modification of the
electronic structure by an alkali metal surface electron doping opens a route
to further control the electronic properties of TMDCs
Topology hierarchy of transition metal dichalcogenides built from quantum spin Hall layers
The evolution of the physical properties of two-dimensional material from
monolayer limit to the bulk reveals unique consequences from dimension
confinement and provides a distinct tuning knob for applications. Monolayer
1T'-phase transition metal dichalcogenides (1T'-TMDs) with ubiquitous quantum
spin Hall (QSH) states are ideal two-dimensional building blocks of various
three-dimensional topological phases. However, the stacking geometry was
previously limited to the bulk 1T'-WTe2 type. Here, we introduce the novel
2M-TMDs consisting of translationally stacked 1T'-monolayers as promising
material platforms with tunable inverted bandgaps and interlayer coupling. By
performing advanced polarization-dependent angle-resolved photoemission
spectroscopy as well as first-principles calculations on the electronic
structure of 2M-TMDs, we revealed a topology hierarchy: 2M-WSe2, MoS2, and
MoSe2 are weak topological insulators (WTIs), whereas 2M-WS2 is a strong
topological insulator (STI). Further demonstration of topological phase
transitions by tunning interlayer distance indicates that band inversion
amplitude and interlayer coupling jointly determine different topological
states in 2M-TMDs. We propose that 2M-TMDs are parent compounds of various
exotic phases including topological superconductors and promise great
application potentials in quantum electronics due to their flexibility in
patterning with two-dimensional materials
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