Nonunital operator systems and noncommutative convexity

Abstract We establish the dual equivalence of the category of generalized (i.e., potentially nonunital) operator systems and the category of pointed compact noncommutative (nc) convex sets, extending a result of Davidson and the 1st author. We then apply this dual equivalence to establish a number of results about generalized operator systems, some of which are new even in the unital setting. For example, we show that the maximal and minimal C*-covers of a generalized operator system can be realized in terms of theC*-algebra of continuous nc functions on its nc quasistate space, clarifying recent results of Connes and van Suijlekom. We also characterize “C*-simple” generalized operator systems, that is, generalized operator systems with a simple minimal C*-cover, in terms of their nc quasistate spaces. We develop a theory of quotients of generalized operator systems that extends the theory of quotients of unital operator systems. In addition, we extend results of the 1st author and Shamovich relating to nc Choquet simplices. We show that a generalized operator system is a C*-algebra if and only if its nc quasistate space is an nc Bauer simplex with zero as an extreme point, and we show that a second countable locally compact group has Kazhdan’s property (T) if and only if for every action of the group on a C*-algebra, the set of invariant quasistates is the quasistate space of a C*-algebra

What impacts students’ satisfaction the most from Medicine Student Experience Questionnaire in Australia: a validity study

Purpose: This study evaluated the validity of student feedback derived from Medicine Student Experience Questionnaire (MedSEQ), as well as the predictors of students’ satisfaction in the Medicine program. Methods: Data from MedSEQ applying to the University of New South Wales Medicine program in 2017, 2019, and 2021 were analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Cronbach’s α were used to assess the construct validity and reliability of MedSEQ respectively. Hierarchical multiple linear regressions were used to identify the factors that most impact students’ overall satisfaction with the program. Results: A total of 1,719 students (34.50%) responded to MedSEQ. CFA showed good fit indices (root mean square error of approximation=0.051; comparative fit index=0.939; chi-square/degrees of freedom=6.429). All factors yielded good (α>0.7) or very good (α>0.8) levels of reliability, except the “online resources” factor, which had acceptable reliability (α=0.687). A multiple linear regression model with only demographic characteristics explained 3.8% of the variance in students’ overall satisfaction, whereas the model adding 8 domains from MedSEQ explained 40%, indicating that 36.2% of the variance was attributable to students’ experience across the 8 domains. Three domains had the strongest impact on overall satisfaction: “being cared for,” “satisfaction with teaching,” and “satisfaction with assessment” (β=0.327, 0.148, 0.148, respectively; all with P<0.001). Conclusion: MedSEQ has good construct validity and high reliability, reflecting students’ satisfaction with the Medicine program. Key factors impacting students’ satisfaction are the perception of being cared for, quality teaching irrespective of the mode of delivery, and fair assessment tasks which enhance learning

Plug-Based Microfluidics with Defined Surface Chemistry to Miniaturize and Control Aggregation of Amyloidogenic Peptides

Small with control: For miniaturization of protein aggregation experiments the interfacial chemistry must be controlled to avoid protein aggregation caused by interfacial adsorption. Plug-based microfluidics with defined surface chemistry (see schematic picture) can then be used to perform hundreds of aggregation experiments with volume-limited samples, such as cerebrospinal fluid from mice

Natural Balance of Power, The Balance of Power Between Countries that Promote Economic

Traditionally, external threat comes from the asymmetrical military power among countries, where the concept has now evolved into a natural balance of power. In this paper, the analysis of natural balance of power will be done through a literature review. Today, modern threats are always connected to the military force that is proportional to economy of a country. The level of militarization, which is too high and out of proportion with the ability of economies, perceived as a threat to countries in the vicinity. Instead strength in the economy with healthy competition is expected as a national power. Who owns the defense along with the strong economy was the one who could control the international relations in the strategic environment.Keywords : economic of defence, natural balance of power, strategic environmen

Activating KIR2DS4 Is Expressed by Uterine NK Cells and Contributes to Successful Pregnancy

Tissue-specific NK cells are abundant in the pregnant uterus and interact with invading placental trophoblast cells that transform the maternal arteries to increase the fetoplacental blood supply. Genetic case-control studies have implicated killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) genes and their $\textit{HLA}$ ligands in pregnancy disorders characterized by failure of trophoblast arterial transformation. Activating $\textit{KIR2DS1}$ or $\textit{KIR2DS5}$ (when located in the centromeric region as in Africans) lower the risk of disorders when there is a fetal $\textit{HLA-C}$ allele carrying a C2 epitope. In this study, we investigated another activating $\textit{KIR, KIR2DS4}$, and provide genetic evidence for a similar effect when carried with $\textit{KIR2DS1. KIR2DS4}$ is expressed by ∼45% of uterine NK (uNK) cells. Similarly to KIR2DS1, triggering of KIR2DS4 on uNK cells led to secretion of GM-CSF and other chemokines, known to promote placental trophoblast invasion. Additionally, XCL1 and CCL1, identified in a screen of 120 different cytokines, were consistently secreted upon activation of KIR2DS4 on uNK cells. Inhibitory $\textit{KIR2DL5A}$, carried in linkage disequilibrium with $\textit{KIR2DS1}$, is expressed by peripheral blood NK cells but not by uNK cells, highlighting the unique phenotype of uNK cells compared with peripheral blood NK cells. That KIR2DS4, KIR2DS1, and some alleles of KIR2DS5 contribute to successful pregnancy suggests that activation of uNK cells by KIR binding to HLA-C is a generic mechanism promoting trophoblast invasion into the decidua.This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust, the Centre for Trophoblast Research, the British Heart Foundation, and the Cambridge Philosophical Society

Haldane gap in the quasi one-dimensional nonlinear σ\sigma-model

This work studies the appearance of a Haldane gap in quasi one-dimensional antiferromagnets in the long wavelength limit, via the nonlinear $\sigma$-model. The mapping from the three-dimensional, integer spin Heisenberg model to the nonlinear $\sigma$-model is explained, taking into account two antiferromagnetic couplings: one along the chain axis ($J$) and one along the perpendicular planes ($J_\bot$) of a cubic lattice. An implicit equation for the Haldane gap is derived, as a function of temperature and coupling ratio $J_\bot/J$. Solutions to these equations show the existence of a critical coupling ratio beyond which a gap exists only above a transition temperature $T_N$. The cut-off dependence of these results is discussed.Comment: 14 pages (RevTeX 3.0), 3 PostScript figures appended (printing instructions included

HUBUNGAN KEPEMIMPINAN DAN MOTIVASI DENGAN KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. CARDOXINDO INTERBUANA

Leadership is an important element in a company, because in the absence of leadership from a leader so the company will suffer at set back. Basically of every leader has a different behavior in the lead. Or offen call of leadership. Leadership which is run by a leader in infiuencing the behavior of other in accordance with his wishes was fiuenced by the nature of the leader. Leaders with the good leadership will create high motivation within each subordinate, so that with motivation will a rise morale can improve the performance of subordinates.The purpose of this study is to know the relationship of leadership and motivation with employee perfomance on PT. Cardoxindo Interbuana. This research is descriptive – korelasional with up to to 30 people/responden and data were analyzed using analysis Rank Spearman and analysis multivariat Pearson Product Moment.The results showed that (1) There is a significant relationship between the leadership employee performance PT. Cardoxindo Interbuana with Rank Spearman correlation coeffcient of 0,831 which means the relationship between the two variabels is quite strong and is positive. (2) There is a significant relationship between motivation and employee performance PT. Cardoxindo Interbuana with Rank Spearman correlation coefficient of 0,845 so that is better the motivation that is created also increase the performance of employees, which means the relationship between the two variable is strong and positive value. (3) There is a significant relationship between the leadership and motivation of employee performance PT. Cardoxindo Interbuana with Pearson Product Moment correlation coeffcient of 0,877. The third variable which means the relationship is strong and positive. The analysis showed that leadership have a positive relationship to employee performance. The motivation was positively related to employee performance. With three variable that have a positive relation.Keywords: leadership, motivation and employees performance

A Dynamic Model of Interactions of Ca^(2+), Calmodulin, and Catalytic Subunits of Ca^(2+)/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II

During the acquisition of memories, influx of Ca^(2+) into the postsynaptic spine through the pores of activated N-methyl-D-aspartate-type glutamate receptors triggers processes that change the strength of excitatory synapses. The pattern of Ca^(2+) influx during the first few seconds of activity is interpreted within the Ca^(2+)-dependent signaling network such that synaptic strength is eventually either potentiated or depressed. Many of the critical signaling enzymes that control synaptic plasticity, including Ca^(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), are regulated by calmodulin, a small protein that can bind up to 4 Ca^(2+) ions. As a first step toward clarifying how the Ca^(2+)-signaling network decides between potentiation or depression, we have created a kinetic model of the interactions of Ca^(2+), calmodulin, and CaMKII that represents our best understanding of the dynamics of these interactions under conditions that resemble those in a postsynaptic spine. We constrained parameters of the model from data in the literature, or from our own measurements, and then predicted time courses of activation and autophosphorylation of CaMKII under a variety of conditions. Simulations showed that species of calmodulin with fewer than four bound Ca^(2+) play a significant role in activation of CaMKII in the physiological regime, supporting the notion that processing ofCa^(2+) signals in a spine involves competition among target enzymes for binding to unsaturated species of CaM in an environment in which the concentration of Ca^(2+) is fluctuating rapidly. Indeed, we showed that dependence of activation on the frequency of Ca^(2+) transients arises from the kinetics of interaction of fluctuating Ca^(2+) with calmodulin/CaMKII complexes. We used parameter sensitivity analysis to identify which parameters will be most beneficial to measure more carefully to improve the accuracy of predictions. This model provides a quantitative base from which to build more complex dynamic models of postsynaptic signal transduction during learning