In depth compositional analysis of ceramic (Bi2O3)0.75(Er2O3)0.25 by AES and XPS

The chemical composition of dense ceramics of erbia-stabilized δ-Bi2O3 was analyzed by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) depth profiling using Ar+ ion sputtering. The relative sensitivity factors (rsf) and sputter rates of bismuth and erbium in this material have been determined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and chemical analysis. These results, supplemented by data from angle resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS), shows a bismuth enrichment at the surface. Evidence has been found for reduction of the bismuth-oxide at the outermost part of the surface layer

Dissecting "peer presence" and "decisions" to deepen understanding of peer Influence on adolescent risky choice

Item does not contain fulltextThis study evaluated the aspects of complex decisions influenced by peers, and components of peer involvement influential to adolescents' risky decisions. Participants (N = 140) aged 13-25 completed the Columbia Card Task (CCT), a risky choice task, isolating deliberation‐reliant and affect‐reliant decisions while alone, while a friend monitors choices, and while a friend is merely present. There is no condition in which a nonfriend peer is present. Results demonstrated the risk‐increasing peer effect occurred in the youngest participants in the cold CCT and middle‐late adolescents in the hot CCT, whereas other ages and contexts showed a risk‐decreasing peer effect. Mere presence was not sufficient to influence risky behavior. These boundaries in age, decision, and peer involvement constrain prevailing models of adolescent peer influence.18 p

In-depth cell-free DNA sequencing reveals genomic landscape of Hodgkin’s lymphoma and facilitates ultrasensitive residual disease detection

BACKGROUND: Individualization of treatment in Hodgkin's lymphoma is necessary to improve cure rates and reduce treatment side effects. Currently, it is hindered by a lack of genomic characterization and sensitive molecular response assessment. Sequencing of cell-free DNA is a powerful strategy to understand the cancer genome and can be used for extremely sensitive disease monitoring. In Hodgkin's lymphoma, a high proportion of cell-free DNA is tumor-derived, whereas traditional tumor biopsies only contain a little tumor-derived DNA. METHODS: We comprehensively genotype and assess minimal residual disease in 121 patients with baseline plasma as well as 77 follow-up samples from a subset of patients with our targeted cell-free DNA sequencing platform. FINDINGS: We present an integrated landscape of mutations and copy number variations in Hodgkin's lymphoma. In addition, we perform a deep analysis of mutational processes driving Hodgkin's lymphoma, investigate the clonal structure of Hodgkin's lymphoma, and link several genotypes to Hodgkin's lymphoma phenotypes and outcome. Finally, we show that minimal residual disease assessment by repeat cell-free DNA sequencing, as early as a week after treatment initiation, predicts treatment response and progression-free survival, allowing highly improved treatment guidance and relapse prediction. CONCLUSIONS: Our targeted cell-free DNA sequencing platform reveals the genomic landscape of Hodgkin's lymphoma and facilitates ultrasensitive detection of minimal residual disease