Microgrid confrontations and smart resolution

Hybrid microgrids are emerging as an alternate solution for connecting distributed AC/DC energy resources. Effective fault detection and response are highly essential for the microgrid controller (MGC) for protection of the microgrid. The conventional schemes of protection cannot be applied in microgrid because of dynamic conduct and unconventional topology of the microgrids. It is highly essential to develop an appropriate scheme for detection and classification of faults for the effective protection of microgrids. In this paper, a novel and smart solution based on the application of an intelligent machine learning (ML) fine tree algorithm is applied to the hybrid microgrid controller. This algorithm resulted in effective detection & classification of faults which in turn was used for separation of faulty segment. The intelligent model obtained with the proposed algorithm performed well and fault detection accuracy has been showcased for various fault scenarios. The overall fault detection accuracy obtained is 98%. Severity of faults and associated confrontations are also discussed in this work. Performance efficacy of the proposed ML based protection algorithm for MGC is substantiated in MATLAB environment

Simulation and Analysis of a 3-Phase Induction Motor and a Brushless DC Motor Using Simulink

This paper proposes the Simulation and Analysis of a 3-Phase Induction Motor and a Brushless DC Motor using the MATLAB/Simulink environment. In this paper a three-phase squirrel cage induction motor is simulated under different load conditions and the characteristic graphs of this motor are obtained. Induction motors are the most widely used motor drive and thus the results obtained are important in understanding and designing the motor for precise command and control. In a BLDC motor, the torque characteristic plays an important role in the design and analysis of BLDC motor drive systems which is used in industries for automated vehicles and collaborative robots. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the precise value of torque, which is determined by the characteristics obtained as a result of simulating back EMF vs time for the BLDC motor addressed in this paper. Both these motors are most widely used and find their application in various industries such as Automotive industry, Automobile sector, Aerospace, Pulp and Paper industry, Medical, consumer, Induction Automation Equipment and Instrumentation

Analysis of Tertiary Control for PV based Microgrid System

With the rising demand in electricity, increasing fuel cost, global climatic changes and concern on greenhouse gas emission the use of renewable energy resources is becoming a necessity. Microgrid is a systematic integration of various Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and connected loads to operate as single entity which can either be connected to the grid or can operate as a separate independent island. Power electronic converters are employed to provide flexibility for the integration of various distributed energy sources in the grid. Microgrid draws power from utility grid or supplies to the grid depending upon load demand and generationin grid connected mode. In case of power interruption or load shedding microgrid can be switchedto island mode of operation. One of the important issues of microgrid is to achieve the bump less transition between the grid and islanded mode of operation. In this paper Photo voltaic (PV) sources based microgrid system has been considered and a coordinated control scheme for the control of a microgrid system is implemented in Matlab / Simulink environment. This paper investigates the bump less transition between the grid and islanded mode of operation with reduced harmonic distortion and frequency variation

Microgrid Protection and Fault Analysis

Abstract: Microgrid is an active distribution network. It can be operated in various modes of operation such as grid connected mode and islanded mode. Integration of distributed generation can provide solution to the power crisis over the globe. But there are various challenges involved in integration of microgrids to the conventional grid. One of the major challenges in the implementation of microgrid is protection of the microgrid. Very little attention has been paid towards microgrids protection which is highly required to ensure safety and reliability of the overall system. In this paper , a hybrid microgrid system has been analysed on the DC side against various types of faults such as Pole to pole fault and pole to ground fault. Results reveal that pole-to-pole fault is more severe then pole to ground fault. Further, a memory based current algorithm has been applied to detect the fault in the microgrid and it was observed that this algorithm is suitable for the detection of the fault in the microgrid. The effectiveness of the controller based on current algorithm has been tested in MATLAB environment</jats:p

INTELLIGENT ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS BASED ON ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGY

Energy consumption in residential buildings account for 20 to 40 per cent of total energy consumed in a country and therefore represents a significant and potential source of energy savings. An Intelligent Energy Management System can contribute to major reductions of energy use in hundreds of millions of buildings. This paper gives an overview of sensor technology and wireless networks in the development of an intelligent energy management system for residential buildings (IEMSRB). This technology has ample potential to change the way we live and work. In this paper ZigBee is used as a communication medium in building intelligent energy management system. From the prototype setup, it is shown that ZigBee is a suitable technology to be adopted as the communication infrastructure in energy management system for residential buildings .The performance analysis discussed in this paper verifies the effectiveness of using ZigBee in energy management system. The novelty of the present scheme is its ability to save the energy and improve the performance as it learns and gains more experience in real-time operations. Results also demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve the minimum electricity cost for residential customers. The proposed system can be installed and maintained in residential environments with ease

A Memory Based Current Algorithm for Pole-to-Pole Fault Detection in Microgrids

Abstract: The world’s growing attention to sustainable energy and development can be causal to the recently observed disrupt in the existing global power system networks. Moreover, an additional incentive towards this change are the challenges associated with the traditional power grid, including its rigid structure, aging architecture, and ecologically profligate nature. Modern power systems have observed a rapidly growing trend of decentralized energy generation in the recent past. A prominent structure incorporating decentralized energy generation and renewable energy are microgrids. While microgrids promote on-site generation and distributed energy resources (DERs), their unique characteristics of bidirectional flow of power, renewable generational intermittency, and varying levels of current causes challenges uncommon to the traditional grid. One of the vital challenges associated with microgrids is the protection of microgrids against faults and disturbances that can cause impairment to life and property. Conventional protection algorithms are ineffective in protecting the system from faults due to the unconventional topology of the microgrid. This paper attempts to contribute to work in the sector related to the protection of microgrids. This paper presents the pole-to-pole fault analysis of a hybrid photovoltaic system and presents a current based algorithm for the detection of DC pole-to-pole faults in the system under study. The protection algorithm is further verified on a hybrid Photovoltaic-Wind-Battery microgrid. Keywords: DC Faults, Hybrid Microgrids, Power Systems, Protection Algorithm, DERs</jats:p

A Comprehensive Review of Microgrids, Control Strategies, and Microgrid Protection Schemes

For the greater part of a century, the world has moved to sustainable energy production, with increased dependence on renewable energy resources to meet growing energy demand. Reserves of conventional sources are rapidly depleting, with an environmental crisis due to profligate consumption. Distributed generation through renewable sources and microgrids have proved as sustainable alternatives. Microgrids provide versatile topologies with dispersed generation and provision for expansion. However, the nonconventionality of microgrids pose challenges and the conventional control and protection strategy have proven unsuitable. This paper attempts to be a review of microgrids, challenges, and existing protection schemes. The first segment of this paper presents the definition and overview of the microgrid market scenario. The next segment discusses microgrid classification and control strategies, following which challenges, and protection schemes are reviewed. The paper concludes with an overview of relay coordination, optimization algorithms, and an outline of few international microgrid standards and codes.</jats:p