Triterpenes From The Flowers Of Gochnatia Polymorpha Subsp. Floccose

Phytochemical study of the flowers of Gochnatia polymorpha subsp. floccosa, Asteraceae, yielded eleven known triterpenes identified as lupeol, lupeyl acetate, lupeyl palmitate, taraxasterol, taraxasteryl acetate, pseudotaraxasterol, pseudotaraxasterol acetate, α-amyrin, α-amyryl palmitate, β-amyrin and β-amyryl palmitate, along with sitosterol, stigmasterol, palmitic and stearic acids. These compounds are been reported for the first time in the species. The compounds were identified by analysis of NMR spectra (1H, 13C and DEPT), GC-MS and comparison with literature data. Previous work have reported the isolation of triterpenes, diterpenes, sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, coumarins and phenolic compounds from aerial parts and roots from G. polymorpha.213556559Adams, R.P., Identification of Essential Oils Components by Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry (2007) Allured Publ. Corp, , Carol Stream, ILBohlmann, F., Zdero, C., Schmeda-Hirschmann, G., Jakupovic, J., Dominguez, X.A., King, R.M., Robinson, H., Dimeric guainolides and other constituents from Gochnatia species (1986) Phytochemistry, 25, pp. 1175-1178Cabrera, A.L., Klein, R.M., Compostas - tribo mutisiae (1973) Itajaí: Herbário Barbosa-Rodrigues, pp. 29-35. , In: Reitz R (org.)Catalan, C.A.N., Borkosky, S.A., Joseph-Nathan, P., The secondary metabolite chemistry of the subtribe Gochnatiinae (tribe Mutisieae, family Compositae) (1996) Biochem Syst Ecol, 24, pp. 659-718Catalan, C.A.N., Vega, M.I., Lopez, M.E., Cuenca, M.R., Gedris, T.E., Herz, W., Coumarins and a kaurane from Gochnatia polymorpha ssp polymorpha from Paraguay (2003) Biochem Syst Ecol, 31, pp. 417-422Correia, S.J., David, J.M., Silva, E.P., David, J.P., Lopes, L.M.X., Guedes, M.L.S., Flavonóides, norisoprenoides e outros terpenos das folhas de Tapira guianensis (2008) Quim Nova, 3, pp. 2056-2059Diaz, G., Nogueira, M.A., Olguin, C.F.A., Somensi, A., Vidotti, G.J., Estudo fitoquímico e biológico de Vernonia tweediana Baker (Asteraceae) (2008) Lat Am J Pharm, 27, pp. 56-61Farias, A.C.M., Silva, A.J.R., Tomassini, T.C.B., Constituents of Mochinea polymorpha (1984) J Nat Prod, 47, pp. 363-364Gallegos, R.S., Roque, N.F., Análise de misturas de triterpenos por RMN 13C (1990) Quim Nova, 13, pp. 278-281Goulart, M.O.F., Santana, A.E.G., Lima, R.A., Cavalcante, S.H., Carvalho, M.G., Braz-Filho, R., Fitoconstituintes químicos de Jatropha elliptica. Atribuição dos deslocamentos químicos dos átomos de carbono e hidrogênio dos diterpenos jatrofolonas A e B (1993) Quim Nova, 16, pp. 95-100Lima, M.C.L., Lemos, T.L.G., Braz-Filho, R., Pessoa, O.D.L., Chemical constituents from the flowers of Gochnatia blanquetiana (DC) Cabrera (2003) Rev Latinoam Quim, 31, pp. 85-88Lima, S.R., Oliveira, G.S., Morais, S.A.L., Nascimento, E.A., Chang, R., Estudo dos constituintes macromoleculares, extrativos voláteis e compostos fenólicos da Madeira de candeia - Moquinia polymorpha (Less) DC (2007) Cien Florestal, 17, pp. 145-155Mahato, S.B., Kundu, A.P., 13C NMR spectra of pentacyclic triterpenoids - a compilation and some salient features (1994) Phytochemistry, 37, pp. 1517-1575Mendes, C.C., Cruz, F.G., David, J.M., Nascimento, I.P., David, J.P., Triterpenos esterificados com ácidos graxos e ácidos triterpênicos isolados de (1999) Byrsonima Microphylla. Quim Nova, 22, pp. 185-188Moreira, A.S., Spitzer, V., Schapoval, E.E.S., Schenkel, E.P., Antiinflammatory activity of extracts and fractions from the leaves of gochnatia polymorpha (2000) Phytother Res, 14, pp. 638-640Sacilotto, A.C.B., Vichnewski, W., Herz, W., Ent-kaurene diterpenes from Gochnatia polymorpha var (1997) Polymorpha. Phytochemistry, 44, pp. 659-661Silva, J.R.A., Rezende, C.M., Pinto, A.C., Pinheiro, M.L.B., Cordeiro, M.C., Young, C.M., Bolzani, V.S., Ésteres triterpênicos de Himatanthus sucuuba (Spruce) Woodson (1998) Quim Nova, 21, pp. 702-704Stefanello, M.E.A., Cervi, A.C., Wisniewski-Jr., A., Simionatto, E.L., Óleo essencial de Gochnatia polymorpha (Less) Cabr. ssp. floccosa Cabr (2006) Quim Nova, 29, pp. 999-1002Stefanello, M.E.A., Salvador, M.J., Ito, I.Y., Macari, P.A.T., Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana e citotóxica de extratos de Gochnatia polymorpha ssp (2006) Floccosa. Rev Bras Farmacogn, 16, pp. 525-53

Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties

14 p.Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ecological groups. This global dataset contains 10,840 sites, with 184 species, from 60 countries and all continents except Antarctica. The data were obtained from 182 published articles, published between 1973 and 2017, and 17 unpublished datasets. Amalgamating data into a single global database will assist researchers in investigating and answering a wide variety of pressing questions, for example, jointly assessing aboveground and belowground biodiversity distributions and drivers of biodiversity change

Simultaneous energy and mass calibration of large-radius jets with the ATLAS detector using a deep neural network

The energy and mass measurements of jets are crucial tasks for the Large Hadron Collider experiments. This paper presents a new calibration method to simultaneously calibrate these quantities for large-radius jets measured with the ATLAS detector using a deep neural network (DNN). To address the specificities of the calibration problem, special loss functions and training procedures are employed, and a complex network architecture, which includes feature annotation and residual connection layers, is used. The DNN-based calibration is compared to the standard numerical approach in an extensive series of tests. The DNN approach is found to perform significantly better in almost all of the tests and over most of the relevant kinematic phase space. In particular, it consistently improves the energy and mass resolutions, with a 30% better energy resolution obtained for transverse momenta pT > 500 GeV

Polychaetes As Bioindicators Of Organic Pollution On The Beaches Of São Paulo [poliquetas Bioindicadores De Poluição Orgânica Em Praias Paulistas.]

This study consisted of an analysis of the occurrence of bioindicator polychaete species of organic pollution along beaches of the north coast of São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil, taking into account the importance of benthic species as indicators of organically enriched environments. A comparison was established between the frequence and abundance of these species in areas qualified as impacted and improper for bathing. The study area comprehends 17 beaches of the Caraguatatuba Bay and the Channel of São Sebastião. The data about the macrobenthos were collected from March, 1988 to March, 1991 and the data on bathing conditions came from reports published by CETESB. The biological samples were obtained with an iron core of 0.025 m2 surface area. The results show markedly the presence of species considered as indicators of organically enriched places, such as Capitella capitata, Heteromastus filiformis, Laeonereis acuta, and Scolelepis squamata. The high density of Capitella and Heteromastus in beaches considered improper for bathing consist in a strong indication of the degree of damage to these areas.58230731

Polycarpol in Unonopsis, Bocageopsis and Onychopetalum Amazonian species : chemosystematical implications and antimicrobial evaluation

Polycarpol, a recurrent lanostane-type triterpene in Annonaceae family, was confirmed by thin layer chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis in the aerial parts (twigs and trunk barks) of Unonopsis duckei R.E. Fr., U. floribunda Diels, U. rufescens (Baill.) R.E. Fr., U. stipitata Diels, Onychopetalum amazonicum R.E. Fr. and Bocageopsis pleiosperma Maas. Its chemotaxonomic significance was discussed for these three genera, as well for the Annonaceae family. In addition, the antimicrobial activity against several strains of microorganisms was evaluated for the first time for this compound, being observed significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 1228) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 10538 and ATCC 10799) with minimal inhibitory concentration values between 25 and 50 μg ml−12511115CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO AMAZONAS - FAPEAMNão temNão temNão temNão te

Polycarpol in Unonopsis, Bocageopsis and Onychopetalum Amazonian species: chemosystematical implications and antimicrobial evaluation

Polycarpol, a recurrent lanostane-type triterpene in Annonaceae family, was confirmed by thin layer chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis in the aerial parts (twigs and trunk barks) of Unonopsis duckei R.E. Fr., U. floribunda Diels, U. rufescens(Baill.) R.E. Fr., U. stipitata Diels, Onychopetalum amazonicum R.E. Fr. and Bocageopsis pleiospermaMaas. Its chemotaxonomic significance was discussed for these three genera, as well for the Annonaceae family. In addition, the antimicrobial activity against several strains of microorganisms was evaluated for the first time for this compound, being observed significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 1228) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 10538 and ATCC 10799) with minimal inhibitory concentration values between 25 and 50 μg ml−1