The Political and Social Significance of Islam

Whether the Muslim World goes communist or democratic the probability is that it will remain in a special sense Islamic. Therefore it is important to examine Islam as a culture and to refer to the historical process that brought it about

Development of an Electric Vehicle Dashboard Monitoring System Using Microcontroller

A microcontroller is a complete microcomputer on a chip that integrates a CPU with memory and various peripherals such as analog-to-digital converters (AID), serial communication units etc. Microcontrollers are designed to be embedded within event-driven control applications and generally have all necessary peripherals integrated onto the same piece of silicon. An Intelligent Energy Management System (IEMS) is a microcontroller based system which is used in an electric vehicle to monitor and control the various parts of the vehicle such as the motor and motor drives, the current and voltage of the battery packs, dashboard, pedals and other subsystems. This aids the driver to achieve optimal driving conditions from the vehicle. In tropical countries the temperature is very high especially during the day. As a result, when the vehicles are parked in an open space the temperature in the vehicle rises and this could lead to many problems. The objective of this project was to develop an Automatic Fan Controlling System (AFCS), which may be used to control the temperature of the electrical vehicle cabin to counter any potential problems. This new proposed system is one of the many systems that may be made available to the user via the IEMS. This project also looked into the development of the battery pack voltage level monitoring system for electric vehicles. The MC68HC11 evaluation board (EVB) NMIX-0020, which uses a Motorola F68HCll microcontroller for its CPU, is used to monitor and control both of the systems mentioned above. The development work carried out for the automatic fan controlling system and the battery pack voltage level monitoring system include the design, construct and testing of the system. The automatic fan controlling system consists of a temperature sensor (AD590), a current-to-voltage converter, digital relay and a microcontroller. The battery pack voltage level monitoring system comprises of a voltage divider, a digital display and a microcontroller. Simulation and experimental results are also included and discussed in detail. Based on these results, the systems mentioned above have been successfully developed. The systems can be extended for high temperature controlling and high voltage monitoring by changing some parameters in both systems

Magnetic fluctuation power near proton temperature anisotropy instability thresholds in the solar wind

The proton temperature anisotropy in the solar wind is known to be constrained by the theoretical thresholds for pressure anisotropy-driven instabilities. Here we use approximately 1 million independent measurements of gyroscale magnetic fluctuations in the solar wind to show for the first time that these fluctuations are enhanced along the temperature anisotropy thresholds of the mirror, proton oblique firehose, and ion cyclotron instabilities. In addition, the measured magnetic compressibility is enhanced at high plasma beta ($\beta_\parallel \gtrsim 1$) along the mirror instability threshold but small elsewhere, consistent with expectations of the mirror mode. The power in this frequency (the 'dissipation') range is often considered to be driven by the solar wind turbulent cascade, an interpretation which should be qualified in light of the present results. In particular, we show that the short wavelength magnetic fluctuation power is a strong function of collisionality, which relaxes the temperature anisotropy away from the instability conditions and reduces correspondingly the fluctuation power.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Can Quantum Lattice Fluctuations Destroy the Peierls Broken Symmetry Ground State?

The study of bond alternation in one-dimensional electronic systems has had a long history. Theoretical work in the 1930s predicted the absence of bond alternation in the limit of infinitely long conjugated polymers; a result later contradicted by experimental investigations. When this issue was re-examined in the 1950s it was shown in the adiabatic limit that bond alternation occurs for any value of electron-phonon coupling. The question of whether this conclusion remains valid for quantized nuclear degrees of freedom was first addressed in the 1980s. Since then a series of numerical calculations on models with gapped, dispersionless phonons have suggested that bond alternation is destroyed by quantum fluctuations below a critical value of electron-phonon coupling. In this work we study a more realistic model with gapless, dispersive phonons. By solving this model with the DMRG method we show that bond alternation remains robust for any value of electron-phonon coupling

Pharmacologie des anti-Xa et mécanismes d’action

RésuméLa famille des anticoagulants oraux s’agrandit et les anticoagulants oraux directs s’annoncent comme l’une des grandes révolutions thérapeutiques notamment après l’autorisation de leur utilisation chez les patients en fibrillation atriale par les autorités réglementaires. Cependant, ces médicaments ne sont pas dénués de particularités et nous aborderons dans cette revue de la littérature les principales caractéristiques pharmacologiques des nouveaux anti-Xa oraux directs.SummaryThe oral anticoagulant family is growing and the new oral anticoagulants have been heralded as an important therapeutic revolution, particularly after receiving regulatory authority approval for their use in stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, these drugs have some specific features. In this review, we shed light on the main pharmacological characteristics of the new direct anti-Xa inhibitors

The role of macroeconomic news in sovereign CDS markets: Domestic and spillover news effects from the U.S., the Eurozone and China

© 2015 Elsevier B.V.. The impact of domestic and spillover macroeconomic news from the U.S., the Eurozone and China on national sovereign credit default swap (CDS) spreads and spread volatility are examined over a recent period of financial instability from November 2007 to March 2012. We find that better than expected (i.e. good) news tend to reduce sovereign CDS spreads, whilst worse than expected (i.e. bad) news increases spreads. News from the three major economies has significant spillover effects on other national sovereign CDS markets but the volatility responses to domestic news and foreign news from the major economies differ. CDS spread volatility increases in response to all domestic news and good news tends to exert relatively stronger effects than bad news. In contrast, good news from the major economies is market calming and consistently reduces spread volatility and they are also economically more important than bad news. Bad news from China and the Eurozone generally increase volatility in other sovereign CDS markets but bad news from the U.S. has been calming for other sovereign CDS markets in the extended crisis period from 2007 to 2012. Our results suggest that market participants in the market for sovereign credit protection pay more attention to good news than bad news both at home and from the major economies in times of financial instability

Peningkatan Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Berita Menggunakan Media Audio Visual di SMP Santo Fransiskus Asisi

This study aimed to describe the process and student learning outcomes in a text message through audio-visual media in class VIII B of SMP St. Francis of Assisi Pontianak. The method used is descriptive qualitative research design Class Action. The subjects were 31 students in class VIII B. The results of the analysis of the test data indicates that the completeness of student learning outcomes reached 75.5 in both categories. This research was conducted by 2 cycles and always increase. Based on the results of data analysis can be concluded He use of audio- visual media in the process of learning to write news text can engage students actively in expressing thoughts into written form and assist students in obtaining a clear picture of the events of the story to be writte