Analysis-ready datasets for insecticide resistance phenotype and genotype frequency in African malaria vectors

The impact of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors is poorly understood and quantified. Here a series of geospatial datasets for insecticide resistance in malaria vectors are provided, so that trends in resistance in time and space can be quantified, and the impact of resistance found in wild populations on malaria transmission in Africa can be assessed. Specifically, data have been collated and geopositioned for the prevalence of insecticide resistance, as measured by standard bioassays, in representative samples of individual species or species complexes. Data are provided for the Anopheles gambiae species complex, the Anopheles funestus subgroup, and for nine individual vector species. Data are also given for common genetic markers of resistance to support analyses of whether these markers can improve the ability to monitor resistance in low resource settings. Allele frequencies for known resistance-associated markers in the Voltage-gated sodium channel (Vgsc) are provided. In total, eight analysis-ready, standardised, geopositioned datasets encompassing over 20,000 African mosquito collections between 1957 and 2017 are released

Environmental pollution of lead in traffic air and blood of traffic policemen in Khartoum State, Sudan

Introduction: A cross sectional study was conducted in Khartoum State. A total of 45 malese traffic policemen were divided into two groups according to exposure to car exhaust; n= 30 taken as exposed group, n= 15 taken as controls, who were not exposed to car exhaust.Objectives: The study was conducted to determine lead concentrations in traffic ambient air, to determine lead levels in blood of traffic policemen, and to evaluate the effect of exposure to car exhaust on traffic policemen during January 2009.Methods: The level of lead in ambient air was determined in 14 locations which were taken randomly at the intersections and entrances to the bridges using personal sampler \Cassella, U.K.. The blood samples of all policemen were analyzed by atomic absorption Spectrophotometer to determine lead levels. A questionnaire was designed to assess the adverse health effects on the traffic policemen.Results: The degree of environmental lead pollution in traffic ambient air was found to be 0.1937}0.1768 mg/m3 with range between 0.000-0.5166 mg/m3. In seven locations out of fourteen locations lead concentrations were 0.1940 and 0.5166 above the permissible level of 0.15 mg/m3 permitted internationally. Blood lead levels on traffic policemen (exposed and control groups) were found to be 2.4691}1.4065 ƒÊg/100 ml and 0.3944}1.2471 ƒÊg/100 ml respectively and there is no significant differences between the two groups where using SPSS program. A questionnaire findings were: average age mean of 35.9}7.7 years, 47.48% worked for periods of more than 20 years, 74.19% did not work before joining the traffic police, 51.6% of them recognized traffic air pollution as a problem of high level, 45.2% of them estimated it as medium, and 3.2% as low. As habits 38.71% were smokers, and for health complaints, 61.29% have various complaints of headache, fatigue, abdominal, hypertension and anemia. All these symptoms have a close relationship with lead poisoning.Conclusion: When we compared the results of age groups and work duration with lead levels of blood samples the results was not significant

Environmental Pollution of Lead in Traffic air and Blood of Traffic Policemen in Khartoum State, Sudan

Introduction: A cross sectional study was conducted in Khartoum State. A total of 45 males’ traffic policemen were divided into two groups according to exposure to car exhaust; n= 30 taken as exposed group, n= 15 takenas controls, who were not exposed to car exhaust.Objectives: The study was conducted to determine lead concentrations in traffic ambient air, to determine lead levels in blood of traffic policemen, and to evaluate the effect of exposure to car exhaust on traffic policemenduring January 2009.Methods: The level of lead in ambient air was determined in 14 locations which were taken randomly at the intersections and entrances to the bridges using personal sampler “Cassella, U.K”. The blood samples of allpolicemen were analyzed by atomic absorption Spectrophotometer to determine lead levels. A questionnaire was designed to assess the adverse health effects on the traffic policemen.Results: The degree of environmental lead pollution in traffic ambient air was found to be 0.1937±0.1768 mg/m³ with range between 0.000-0.5166 mg/m³. In seven locations out of fourteen locations lead concentrationswere 0.1940 and 0.5166 above the permissible level of 0.15 mg/m³ permitted internationally. Blood lead levels on traffic policemen (exposed and control groups) were found to be 2.4691±1.4065 ìg/100 ml and0.3944±1.2471 ìg/100 ml respectively and there is no significant  differences between the two groups where using SPSS program. A  questionnaire findings were: average age mean of 35.9±7.7 years, 47.48% worked for periods of more than 20 years, 74.19% did not work before joining the traffic police, 51.6% of them recognized traffic air pollution as a problem of high level, 45.2% of them estimated it as medium, and 3.2% as low. As habits 38.71% were smokers, and for health complaints, 61.29% have various complaints of headache, fatigue, abdominal, hypertension and anemia. All these symptoms have a close relationship with lead poisoning.Conclusion: When we compared the results of age groups and work  duration with lead levels of blood samples the results was not significant

Analysis-ready datasets for insecticide resistance phenotype and genotype frequency in African malaria vectors

The impact of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors is poorly understood and quantified. Here a series of geospatial datasets for insecticide resistance in malaria vectors are provided, so that trends in resistance in time and space can be quantified, and the impact of resistance found in wild populations on malaria transmission in Africa can be assessed. Specifically, data have been collated and geopositioned for the prevalence of insecticide resistance, as measured by standard bioassays, in representative samples of individual species or species complexes. Data are provided for the Anopheles gambiae species complex, the Anopheles funestus subgroup, and for nine individual vector species. Data are also given for common genetic markers of resistance to support analyses of whether these markers can improve the ability to monitor resistance in low resource settings. Allele frequencies for known resistance-associated markers in the Voltage-gated sodium channel (Vgsc) are provided. In total, eight analysis-ready, standardised, geopositioned datasets encompassing over 20,000 African mosquito collections between 1957 and 2017 are released.</p