Methodological Choices For Research In Information Science: Contributions To Domain Analysis

The article focuses on the ways of organizing studies according to their methodological choices in the Base Referencial de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação (Reference Database of Journal articles in Information Science). We highlight how the organization of scientific production by the methodological choices in Information Science contributes to the identification of its production features and domain analysis. We studied research categories and proposed five classification criteria: research purposes, approaches, focus, techniques and type of analysis. The proposal of a corpus in Information Science is empirically applied, represented by 689 articles, 10% of the production indexed in Base Referencial de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação from 1972 to 2010. We adopt content analysis to interpret the methodological choices of authors identified in the corpus. The results point out that exploratory studies are more predominant when considering the research purpose; regarding the research approach, bibliographic and documentary studies are more predominant; systematic observation, questionnaire and interview were the most widely used techniques; document analysis and content analysis are the most widely used types of analysis; the research focus of theoretical, historical and bibliometric studies are more predominant. We found that some studies use two methodological choices and explicit epistemological approaches, such as the studies following the positivist approach in the 1970s, and those influenced by the phenomenological approach in the 1980s, which increased the use of methods in qualitative research.28151

Model identification in reactor-based combustion closures using sparse symbolic regression

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Towards predicting liquid fuel physicochemical properties using molecular dynamics guided machine learning models

Accurate determination of fuel properties of complex mixtures over a wide range of pressure and temperature conditions is essential to utilizing alternative fuels. The present work aims to construct cheap-to-compute machine learning (ML) models to act as closure equations for predicting the physical properties of alternative fuels. Those models can be trained using the database from MD simulations and/or experimental measurements in a data-fusion-fidelity approach. Here, Gaussian Process (GP) and probabilistic generative models are adopted. GP is a popular non-parametric Bayesian approach to build surrogate models mainly due to its capacity to handle the aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. Generative models have shown the ability of deep neural networks employed with the same intent. In this work, ML analysis is focused on two particular properties, the fuel density and diffusion, but it can also be extended to other physicochemical properties. This study explores the versatility of the ML models to handle multi-fidelity data. The results show that ML models can predict accurately the fuel properties of a wide range of pressure and temperature conditions.The research leading to these results had received funding from the Brazilian National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP) through Programa de Recursos Humanos (PRH) under the PRH 8 - Mechanical Engineering for the Efficient Use of Biofuels, grant agreement numbers F0A5.EDDE.B5C0.3BCB and 2B61.4F5C.A83B.A713.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Phenomenology of the nMSSM from colliders to cosmology

Low energy supersymmetric models provide a solution to the hierarchy problem and also have the necessary ingredients to solve two of the most outstanding issues in cosmology: the origin of dark matter and baryonic matter. One of the most attractive features of this framework is that the relevant physical processes are related to interactions at the weak scale and therefore may be tested in collider experiments in the near future. This is true for the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) as well as for its extension with the addition of one singlet chiral superfield, the so-called nMSSM. It has been recently shown that within the nMSSM an elegant solution to both the problem of baryogenesis and dark matter may be found, that relies mostly on the mixing of the singlet sector with the Higgs sector of the theory. In this work we review the nMSSM model constraints from cosmology and present the associated collider phenomenology at the LHC and the ILC. We show that the ILC will efficiently probe the neutralino, chargino and Higgs sectors, allowing to confront cosmological observations with computations based on collider measurements. We also investigate the prospects for a direct detection of dark matter and the constraints imposed by the current bounds of the electron electric dipole moment in this model.Comment: 44 pp, 10 figures; Fig.9 replaced; discussion on CP violation extended and references added; few minor additions in text about details of the cut

Extended spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) resistant Escherichia coli: trends and seasonality in the Netherlands from 2014–2022

Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in livestock and the environment likely contribute to the prevalence of AMR in humans with potential detrimental effects on human health. As such, annual mandatory monitoring of AMR in livestock occurs within the European Union (EU), according to harmonised methods. Extended-spectrum cephalosporins-resistant (ESC-resistant) Escherichia coli, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), AmpC β-lactamases (AmpC) and carbapenemase producing E. coli, are considered of particular importance and are therefore included in the monitoring program. Methods Using results from the annual monitoring of ESC-resistant E. coli from 2014–2022, trends in prevalence per animal sector were determined over the complete time period, as well as potential seasonal effects. Results During these nine years, significant changes were observed in the prevalence of ESC-resistant E. coli, in broilers, dairy cattle and veal calves, while no changes in prevalence were seen in slaughter pigs. Furthermore, the prevalence of ESC-resistant E. coli is positively correlated with warmer seasons (summer and autumn) for both dairy cattle and veal calves, while no associations were found for broilers and slaughter pigs. While temperature itself may play a role in the prevalence of ESC-resistant E. coli, other factors affecting the selective landscape, such as antibiotic usage, will also play a role. Conclusion A combined analysis of antimicrobial usage and prevalence of ESC-resistant E. coli through the year, both in livestock and human samples, would be an interesting follow-up of this study

Indirect search for dark matter: prospects for GLAST

Possible indirect detection of neutralino, through its gamma-ray annihilation product, by the forthcoming GLAST satellite from our galactic halo, M31, M87 and the dwarf galaxies Draco and Sagittarius is studied. Gamma-ray fluxes are evaluated for the two representative energy thresholds, 0.1 GeV and 1.0 GeV, at which the spatial resolution of GLAST varies considerably. Apart from dwarfs which are described either by a modified Plummer profile or by a tidally-truncated King profiles, fluxes are compared for halos with central cusps and cores. It is demonstrated that substructures, irrespective of their profiles, enhance the gamma-ray emission only marginally. The expected gamma-ray intensity above 1 GeV at high galactic latitudes is consistent with the residual emission derived from EGRET data if the density profile has a central core and the neutralino mass is less than 50 GeV, whereas for a central cusp only a substantial enhancement would explain the observations. From M31, the flux can be detected above 0.1 GeV and 1.0 GeV by GLAST only if the neutralino mass is below 300 GeV and if the density profile has a central cusp, case in which a significant boost in the gamma-ray emission is produced by the central black hole. For Sagittarius, the flux above 0.1 GeV is detectable by GLAST provided the neutralino mass is below 50 GeV. From M87 and Draco the fluxes are always below the sensitivity limit of GLAST.Comment: 14 Pages, 7 Figures, 3 Tables, version to appear on Physical Review

The recovery umbrella in the world of elite sport: Do not forget the coaching and performance staff

In the field of sports science, the recovery umbrella is a trending topic, and even more so in the world of elite sports. This is evidenced by the significant increase in scientific publications during the last 10 years as teams look to find a competitive edge. Recovery is recognized to be an integral component to assist athlete preparation in the restoration of physical and psychological function, and subsequently, performance in elite team sports athletes. However, the importance of recovery in team staff members (sports coaches and performance staff) in elite sports appears to be a forgotten element. Given the unrelenting intense nature of daily tasks and responsibilities of team staff members, the elite sports environment can predispose coaches to increased susceptibility to psycho-socio physiological fatigue burden, and negatively affect health, wellbeing, and performance. Therefore, the aim of this opinion was to (1) develop an educational recovery resource for team staff members, (2) identify organizational task-specific fatigue indicators and barriers to recovery and self-care in team staff members, and (3) present recovery implementation strategies to assist team staff members in meeting their organizational functions. It is essential that we do not forget the coaching and performance staff in the recovery process. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Miniplacas de titânio na redução de fraturas mandibulares em cães e gatos: estudo de seis casos

Fraturas de mandíbula e maxila são comuns em cães e gatos, correspondendo a cerca de 3 a 6% de todas as fraturas. Muitos tratamentos são propostos para a correção desse defeito, como o uso de pino intramedular, a fixação esquelética externa, a cerclagem e o uso de acrílicos e placas ósseas. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o uso das mini e microplacas de titânio do sistema 2,0 e 1,5mm no tratamento de fraturas mandibulares, em cães e gatos, respectivamente. Os parafusos e as miniplacas utilizadas são compostos de titânio, e o formato dependeu da localização e do tipo de fratura. No total, foram avaliados seis casos, dos quais quatro apresentaram completa consolidação, sendo as placas utilizadas como método único ou associado com fio de aço ou imobilização com focinheira. As causas de insucesso foram a quebra da placa em um dos casos e a contaminação do enxerto, com posterior osteomielite em decorrência da deiscência dos pontos em outro caso. O emprego das miniplacas de titânio mostrou-se eficaz na maioria dos casos testados, promovendo fixação rígida e retorno funcional adequado, sendo utilizado como método único ou associado com outras técnicas de osteossíntese