44 research outputs found
Planetary migration in evolving planetesimals discs
In the current paper, we further improved the model for the migration of
planets introduced in Del Popolo et al. (2001) and extended to time-dependent
planetesimal accretion disks in Del Popolo and Eksi (2002). In the current
study, the assumption of Del Popolo and Eksi (2002), that the surface density
in planetesimals is proportional to that of gas, is released. In order to
obtain the evolution of planetesimal density, we use a method developed in
Stepinski and Valageas (1997) which is able to simultaneously follow the
evolution of gas and solid particles for up to 10^7 yrs. Then, the disk model
is coupled to migration model introduced in Del Popolo et al. (2001) in order
to obtain the migration rate of the planet in the planetesimal. We find that
the properties of solids known to exist in protoplanetary systems, together
with reasonable density profiles for the disk, lead to a characteristic radius
in the range 0.03-0.2 AU for the final semi-major axis of the giant planet.Comment: IJMP A in prin
On the nature of gravitational forces
In this paper I show how the statistics of the gravitational field is changed
when the system is characterized by a non-uniform distribution of particles. I
show how the distribution functions W(dF/dt) giving the joint probability that
a test particle is subject to a force F and an associated rate of change of F
given by dF/dt, are modified by inhomogeneity. Then I calculate the first
moment of dF/dt to study the effects of inhomogenity on dynamical friction.
Finally I test, by N-Body simulations, that the theoretical W(F) and dF/dt
describes correctly the experimental data and I find that the stochastic force
distribution obtained for the evolved system is in good agreement with theory.
Moreover, I find that in an inhomogeneous background the friction force is
actually enhanced relative to the homogeneous case
Orbital migration and the period distribution of exoplanets
We use the model for the migration of planets introduced in Del Popolo,
Yesilyurt & Ercan (2003) to calculate the observed mass and semimajor axis
distribution of extra-solar planets. The assumption that the surface density in
planetesimals is proportional to that of gas is relaxed, and in order to
describe disc evolution we use a method which, using a series of simplifying
assumptions, is able to simultaneously follow the evolution of gas and solid
particles for up to . The distribution of planetesimals obtained
after is used to study the migration rate of a giant planet
through the model of this paper. The disk and migration models are used to
calculate the distribution of planets as function of mass and semimajor axis.
The results show that the model can give a reasonable prediction of planets'
semi-major axes and mass distribution. In particular there is a pile-up of
planets at AU, a minimum near 0.3 AU, indicating a paucity of
planets at that distance, and a rise for semi-major axes larger than 0.3 AU,
out to 3 AU. The semi-major axis distribution shows that the more massive
planets (typically, masses larger than ) form preferentially in
the outer regions and do not migrate much. Intermediate-mass objects migrate
more easily whatever the distance they form, and that the lighter planets
(masses from sub-Saturnian to Jovian) migrate easily.Comment: published in A&
Cosmological constraints from clustering properties of galaxy clusters
In this paper, we discuss improvements of the Suto et al. (2000) model, in
the light of recent theoretical developments (new theoretical mass functions, a
more accurate mass-temperature relation and an improved bias model) to predict
the clustering properties of galaxy clusters and to obtain constraints on
cosmological parameters. We re-derive the two-point correlation function of
clusters of galaxies for OCDM and LambdaCDM cosmological models, and we compare
these results with the observed spatial correlation function for clusters in
RASS1 (ROSAT All-Sky Survey 1), and in XBACs (X-RAY Brighest Abell-Type)
samples. The comparison shows that the best agreement is obtained for the
LambdaCDM model with Omega=0.3. The values of the correlation length obtained,
(r_\simeq 28.2 \pm 5.2 \rm h^{-1}} Mpc for LambdaCDM), are larger than those
found in the literature and comparable with the results found in Borgani,
Plionis & Kolokotronis (1999). (REST IN THE PAPER ABSTRACT)Comment: printed in A&
Global sensitivity analysis of stochastic computer models with joint metamodels
The global sensitivity analysis method used to quantify the influence of uncertain input variables on the variability in numerical model responses has already been applied to deterministic computer codes; deterministic means here that the same set of input variables gives always the same output value. This paper proposes a global sensitivity analysis methodology for stochastic computer codes, for which the result of each code run is itself random. The framework of the joint modeling of the mean and dispersion of heteroscedastic data is used. To deal with the complexity of computer experiment outputs, nonparametric joint models are discussed and a new Gaussian process-based joint model is proposed. The relevance of these models is analyzed based upon two case studies. Results show that the joint modeling approach yields accurate sensitivity index estimatiors even when heteroscedasticity is strong
Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Comparing the impacts of tutorial and edutainment software programs on students' achievements, misconceptions, and attitudes towards biology
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of tutorial and edutainment design of instructional software programs related to the "cell division" topic on student achievements, misconceptions and attitudes. An experimental research design including the cell division achievement test (CAT), the cell division concept test (CCT) and biology attitude scale (BAS) was applied at the beginning and at the end of the research. After the treatment, general achievement in CAT increased in favor of experimental groups. Instructional software programs also had the positive effect to the awareness of students' understandings to the general functions of mitosis and meiosis. However, the current study revealed that there were still some misconceptions in the experimental groups even after the treatment. It was also noticed that only using edutainment software program significantly changed students' attitudes towards biology. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC