Electrochemical and in situ spectroelectrochemical studies of gold nanoparticles immobilized Nafion matrix modified electrode

Electrochemical and in situ spectroelectrochemical behaviours of phenosafranine (PS+) were studied at the gold nanoparticles (AuNps) immobilized Nafion (Nf) film coated glassy carbon (GC) and indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. Cyclic voltammetric studies showed that the PS+ molecules strongly interact with the AuNps immobilized in the Nf matrix through the electrostatic interaction. The presence of AuNps in the Nf film improved the electrochemical characteristics of the incorporated dye molecules. The emission spectra of Nf-AuNps-PS+ films showed that the incorporated PS+ was quenched by AuNps and it could be explained based on the electronic interaction between the AuNps and PS+ molecules. The in situ spectroelectrochemical study showed an improved electrochemical characteristic of the incorporated PS+ molecules at the ITO/Nf-AuNps electrode when compared to the ITO/Nf electrode

Energy and Link Quality Based Routing for Data Gathering Tree in Wireless Sensor Networks Under TINYOS - 2.X

Energy is one of the most important and scarce resources in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). WSN nodes work with the embedded operating system called TinyOS, which addresses the constrains of the WSN nodes such as limited processing power, memory, energy, etc and it uses the collection Tree Protocol (CTP) to collect the data from the sensor nodes. It uses either the four-bit link estimation or Link Estimation Exchange Protocol (LEEP) to predict the bi directional quality of the wireless link between the nodes and the next hop candidate is based on the estimated link quality. The residual energy of the node is an important key factor, which plays a vital role in the lifetime of the network and hence this has to taken as one of the metric in the parent selection. In this work, we consider the remaining energy of the node as one of the metric to decide the parent in addition to the link quality metrics. The proposed protocol was compared with CTP protocol in terms of number of packets forwarded by each node and packet reception ratio (PRR) of the network. This work was simulated in TOSSIM simulator and the same was tested in Crossbow IRIS radio test bed. The results show that our algorithm performs better than CTP in terms of load distribution and hence the increased lifetimeComment: 14 Pages, IJWM

Jamming Attack Detection and Evaluating Using Wireless Application

When data is transferred from one host to another host,attacker may try to attack the packet or data which is in transit.Inorder to avoid such kind of attack in time critical wireless application and delivery message securely in wireless application. In this paper, we aim at modeling and detecting jamming attacks against time-critical wireless networks.To measure network performance ,packet loss and throughput metrics are used . To quantify the performance of time-critical applications,message invalidation ratio metric are used. This approach is inspired by the similarity between the behavior of a jammer who attempts to disrupt the delivery of a message and the behavior of a gambler who intends to win a gambling game. By gambling-based modeling and real-time modules, we can successful delivery time-critical message under a variety of jamming attacks. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15038

Identification and Characterization of a New Orthoreovirus from Patients with Acute Respiratory Infections

First discovered in the early 1950s, reoviruses (respiratory enteric orphan viruses) were not associated with any known disease, and hence named orphan viruses. Recently, our group reported the isolation of the Melaka virus from a patient with acute respiratory disease and provided data suggesting that this new orthoreovirus is capable of human-to-human transmission and is probably of bat origin. Here we report yet another Melaka-like reovirus (named Kampar virus) isolated from the throat swab of a 54 year old male patient in Kampar, Perak, Malaysia who was suffering from high fever, acute respiratory disease and vomiting at the time of virus isolation. Serological studies indicated that Kampar virus was transmitted from the index case to at least one other individual and caused respiratory disease in the contact case. Sequence analysis of the four small class genome segments indicated that Kampar and Melaka viruses are closely related. This was confirmed by virus neutralization assay, showing an effective two-way cross neutralization, i.e., the serum against one virus was able to neutralize the other. Although the exact origin of Kampar virus is unknown, epidemiological tracing revealed that the house of the index case is surrounded by fruit trees frequently visited by fruit bats. There is a high probability that Kampar virus originated from bats and was transmitted to humans via bat droppings or contaminated fruits. The discovery of Kampar virus highlights the increasing trend of emergence of bat zoonotic viruses and the need to expand our understanding of bats as a source of many unknown viruses

Economic Thought in epic Literature

Economy is important to run life as well as government. In other words, betterment of any individual as well a country depends on economy. ‘Avvaiyaar’ a Tamil poetess said ‘when the conditions of the citizens raise automatically the status of the king raises.’  ‘ThirukkuRaL’ in one of its chapters on ‘poruL syal vahai’ (means of economy) talks about the various ways through which the government can build its economy through righteous means. The other epic literatures too have the same opinion. Man acts unethical in two conditions. One is poverty and the other is the desire for more wealth. Poverty is one of the factors of inequalities in economy.  There are two status which encouragement to earn. One is poverty and the other is the unfulfilled desire for wealth. To fulfil either one, man tries to earn in unethical ways. Poor, because of their need, try unethical and theft is the foremost

ACTIVITIES AND FUNCTIONS OF CHILDREN PARLIAMENT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THIRUVALLUR DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU

<p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of different activities and functions of children joining children parliament (CP). The primary information was collected from 450 students studying between classes 8 and 12 in different schools. The 450 samples belong to 30 CPs formed and effectively organized by the Bon Secours Social Service Society in Thriuvallur district, Tamil Nadu. They are collected and analysed through SPSS version 20.0. The descriptive research design and simple random sampling strategy were employed for this research project. The findings of the study reveal the various impacts effectively created among the children in their positive, health, social maturity and growth, problem solving attitude, character formational, skills, educational and developmental growth and well-being for their integral formation and well-being not only at present  but also in the future. This paper also proposes recommendations for all CPs for their effective efficient management, administration and activities. </p&gt

Finite element analysis of residual stresses and distortion in hard faced gate valve

129-134This paper studies establishing temperature distribution, distortion and residual stress field developed during plasma arc hard facing of Stellite 6 over low alloy steel (AISI 4140) gate valve by finite element analysis (FEA). In FEA, a three dimensional solid model was generated and simulated using ANSYS parametric design language (APDL) code. After simulation, residual stresses were compared and validated by stress measured by X-Ray diffraction technique. Numerical results showed good agreement with experimental test

Effects of fiber content and its chemical treatment on the mechanical properties of screw pine fiber reinforced vinyl ester composite

Natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites have several advantages over traditional composites. The chemical modification of natural fibers helps to develop polymer composites with better mechanical properties. In the present work, mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, and impact strength of chopped Screw pine fiber reinforced vinyl ester composites have been evaluated under-treated conditions based on the volume fractions of Screw pine fibers. The fibers have been treated with 5% of NaOH solution for 1 h at room temperature. The hand lay-up method has been used to prepare composite plates at room temperature. The results revealed that mechanical properties of composites increased with the increase of the fiber content up to 35.57 vol% at both the untreated and treated conditions and then dropped. However, the modulus values have been increased continuously from the fiber content of 8.43 to 45.3 vol%. It was identified that the critical or optimum fiber content for better mechanical properties is 35.57 vol% for both the untreated and treated conditions. The percentage of improvement at every combination was obtained by comparing the composites prepared with the untreated and treated fibers. The fractured surface of the treated fiber composites was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the tensile properties are predicted using the Hirsch and Modified Bowyer and Bader model and compared with experimental values. The predicted results revealed that the Modified Bowyer and Bader model shows better conformity