Pengaruh Jarak Dan Waktu Tempuh Terhadap Post Thawing Motility, Abnormalitas Dan Spermatozoa Hidup Semen Beku (the Effect of Travel Distance and Travel TIME Toward Post Thawing Motility, Abnormality and Life Sperm of Frozen Semen)

This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of distance and time from the postal of Artificial Insemination (AI) to the acceptor of AI on frozen semen to observed the Post Thawing Motility (PTM), sperm abnormality and life sperm. A total of 36 frozen semen from cattle Simental bull were used in this research. A Factorial completely randomized design was used in the experiment with the first factor A was distance (1 = 0-3 kilometer and 2 = >3-6 kilometer)and thefactor B was time (1 = 1-5 minute dan 2 = >5-10 minute). Statistical data were then analyzed with F test and Duncan's multiple range test. Results of this research showed that percentage of PTM on A1B1 (60%); A1B2 (57.78%) and A2B1 (55.6%) were significantly different (P<0,05) to A2B2 (50%). Percentage of sperm abnormality A1B1 (16.4%) has no different with A1B2 (16.5%) but highly significantly different (P<0.01) to A2B1 (19.01%) and A2B2 (21.07%). Percentage of life spermatozoa on A1B1 (67.92%); A1B2 (65.5%) and A2B1 (63.92%) were significantly different (P<0.05) to A2B2 (62.28%). The study concluded that A1B1 was the best treatment

Solid State Electronics Laboratory Semiannual report, Feb. - Sep. 1969

Design and performance of miniaturized portable heart rate and electrocardiographic monitoring system for prolonged space flight

Antimicrobial peptide capsids of de novo design

The spread of bacterial resistance to antibiotics poses the need for antimicrobial discovery. With traditional search paradigms being exhausted, approaches that are altogether different from antibiotics may offer promising and creative solutions. Here, we introduce a de novo peptide topology that-by emulating the virus architecture-assembles into discrete antimicrobial capsids. Using the combination of high-resolution and real-time imaging, we demonstrate that these artificial capsids assemble as 20-nm hollow shells that attack bacterial membranes and upon landing on phospholipid bilayers instantaneously (seconds) convert into rapidly expanding pores causing membrane lysis (minutes). The designed capsids show broad antimicrobial activities, thus executing one primary function-they destroy bacteria on contact

Integrated Stacked Microstrip Antenna with Light Emitting Diode (LED) for Wi-Fi Application

Investigation of Light Emitting Diode (LED) integrated with a rectangular stacked microstrip antenna is presented in this paper. The antenna designed at 2.45 GHz to support Wi-Fi applications. The antenna is simulated by using Computer Simulation Technology (CST). The LEDs are located at the top layer as the parasitic element, while patch radiator located at the second substrate. Meanwhile, ground plane and feed line are located on the bottom substrate. Simulated and measured results are compared to identify the feasibility of proposed integrated antenna. The performances of rectangular stacked microstrip antenna in term of return loss, gain and radiation pattern was verified. Result between simulation and fabrication shows that antenna potentially provide a new opportunity to introduce dual functionalit

Viral population estimation using pyrosequencing

The diversity of virus populations within single infected hosts presents a major difficulty for the natural immune response as well as for vaccine design and antiviral drug therapy. Recently developed pyrophosphate based sequencing technologies (pyrosequencing) can be used for quantifying this diversity by ultra-deep sequencing of virus samples. We present computational methods for the analysis of such sequence data and apply these techniques to pyrosequencing data obtained from HIV populations within patients harboring drug resistant virus strains. Our main result is the estimation of the population structure of the sample from the pyrosequencing reads. This inference is based on a statistical approach to error correction, followed by a combinatorial algorithm for constructing a minimal set of haplotypes that explain the data. Using this set of explaining haplotypes, we apply a statistical model to infer the frequencies of the haplotypes in the population via an EM algorithm. We demonstrate that pyrosequencing reads allow for effective population reconstruction by extensive simulations and by comparison to 165 sequences obtained directly from clonal sequencing of four independent, diverse HIV populations. Thus, pyrosequencing can be used for cost-effective estimation of the structure of virus populations, promising new insights into viral evolutionary dynamics and disease control strategies.Comment: 23 pages, 13 figure

Reduction of circulating innate lymphoid cell progenitors results in impaired cytokine production by innate lymphoid cells in patients with lupus nephritis

Abstract Background Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play an essential role in maintaining homeostasis; however, they can also cause chronic inflammation and autoimmune disease. This study aimed to identify the role of ILCs in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN). Methods The percentage of ILCs within the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) population and urine of patients with LN (n = 16), healthy controls (HC; n = 8), and disease controls (ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV; n = 6), IgA nephropathy (IgAN; n = 9), and other glomerular diseases (n = 5)) was determined by flow cytometry analysis. In addition, ILCs were sorted and cultured with plasma from LN patients or HC to elucidate whether the reduced population of CD117+ ILCs observed in LN was due to changes in the ILC progenitor population. Results The percentage of total ILCs and CD117+ ILCs in LN was significantly lower than that in HC. The percentage of cytokine-secreting ILCs was also lower in LN; however, when the disease stabilized, cytokine production was restored to levels similar to those in HC. The increase in the number of exhausted ILCs (cells unable to secrete cytokines) correlated positively with disease activity. When CD117+ ILCs were cultured with LN plasma, the number of CD117+ ILCs fell, but that of other ILC subsets increased. Conclusions The percentage of CD117+ ILCs and the capacity of ILCs to secrete cytokines fell as LN severity increased, suggesting that an inflammatory environment of LN induces persistent differentiation and exhaustion of ILCs

Wafer-Scale, Sub-5 nm Junction Formation by Monolayer Doping and Conventional Spike Annealing

We report the formation of sub-5 nm ultrashallow junctions in 4 inch Si wafers enabled by the molecular monolayer doping of phosphorous and boron atoms and the use of conventional spike annealing. The junctions are characterized by secondary ion mass spectrometry and non-contact sheet resistance measurements. It is found that the majority (~70%) of the incorporated dopants are electrically active, therefore, enabling a low sheet resistance for a given dopant areal dose. The wafer-scale uniformity is investigated and found to be limited by the temperature homogeneity of the spike anneal tool used in the experiments. Notably, minimal junction leakage currents (<1 uA/cm2) are observed which highlights the quality of the junctions formed by this process. The results clearly demonstrate the versatility and potency of the monolayer doping approach for enabling controlled, molecular-scale ultrashallow junction formation without introducing defects in the semiconductor.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figure

Roles of microRNAs in inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract that mainly affects young people. IBD is associated with various gastrointestinal symptoms, and thus, affects the quality of life of patients. Currently, the pathogenesis of IBD is poorly understood. Although intestinal bacteria and host immune response are thought to be major factors in its pathogenesis, a sufficient explanation of their role in its pathophysiologic mechanism has not been presented. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression, have gained attention as they are known to participate in the molecular interactions of IBD. Recent studies have confirmed the important role of miRNAs in targeting certain molecules in signaling pathways that regulate the homeostasis of the intestinal barrier, inflammatory reactions, and autophagy of the intestinal epithelium. Several studies have identified the specific miRNAs associated with IBD from colon tissues or serum samples of IBD patients and have attempted to use them as useful diagnostic biomarkers. Furthermore, some studies have attempted to treat IBD through intracolonic administration of specific miRNAs in the form of nanoparticle. This review summarizes the latest findings on the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of IBD

Evolutionary relationships among barley and <i>Arabidopsis</i> core circadian clock and clock-associated genes

The circadian clock regulates a multitude of plant developmental and metabolic processes. In crop species, it contributes significantly to plant performance and productivity and to the adaptation and geographical range over which crops can be grown. To understand the clock in barley and how it relates to the components in the Arabidopsis thaliana clock, we have performed a systematic analysis of core circadian clock and clock-associated genes in barley, Arabidopsis and another eight species including tomato, potato, a range of monocotyledonous species and the moss, Physcomitrella patens. We have identified orthologues and paralogues of Arabidopsis genes which are conserved in all species, monocot/dicot differences, species-specific differences and variation in gene copy number (e.g. gene duplications among the various species). We propose that the common ancestor of barley and Arabidopsis had two-thirds of the key clock components identified in Arabidopsis prior to the separation of the monocot/dicot groups. After this separation, multiple independent gene duplication events took place in both monocot and dicot ancestors. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00239-015-9665-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users