62 research outputs found
Statistical analysis of UV spectra of a quiescent prominence observed by IRIS
The paper analyzes the structure and dynamics of a quiescent prominence that
occurred on October 22, 2013. We aim to determine the physical characteristics
of the observed prominence using MgII k and h, CII (1334 and 1336 A), and SiIV
(1394 A) lines observed by IRIS. We employed the 1D non-LTE modeling of MgII
lines assuming static isothermal-isobaric slabs. We selected a large grid of
models with realistic input parameters and computed synthetic MgII lines. The
method of Scargle periodograms was used to detect possible prominence
oscillations. We analyzed 2160 points of the observed prominence in five
different sections along the slit averaged over ten pixels due to low signal to
noise ratio in the CII and SiIV lines. We computed the integrated intensity for
all studied lines, while the central intensity and reversal ratio was
determined only for both MgII and CII 1334 lines. We plotted several
correlations: time evolution of the integrated intensities and central
intensities, scatter plots between all combinations of line integrated
intensities, and reversal ratio as a function of integrated intensity. We also
compared MgII observations with the models. Results show that more than
two-thirds of MgII profiles and about one-half of CII 1334 profiles are
reversed. Profiles of SiIV are generally unreversed. The MgII and CII lines are
optically thick, while the SiIV line is optically thin. The studied prominence
shows no global oscillations in the MgII and CII lines. Therefore, the observed
time variations are caused by random motions of fine structures with velocities
up to 10 km/s. The observed average ratio of MgII k to MgII h line intensities
can be used to determine the prominence's characteristic temperature. Certain
disagreements between observed and synthetic line intensities of MgII lines
point to the necessity of using more complex 2D multi-thread modeling in the
future.Comment: 13 pages, 21 figure
Visibility of prominences using the He i D3 line filter on PROBA-3/ASPIICS coronagraph
We determine the optimal width and shape of the narrow-band filter centered on the He i D3 line for prominence and coronal mass ejection (CME) observations with the ASPIICS (Association of Spacecraft for Polarimetric and Imaging Investigation of the Corona of the Sun) coronagraph onboard the PROBA-3 (Project for On-board Autonomy) satellite, to be launched in 2020. We analyze He i D3 line intensities for three representative non-local thermal equilibrium prominence models at temperatures 8, 30, and 100 kK computed with a radiative transfer code and the prominence visible-light (VL) emission due to Thomson scattering on the prominence electrons. We compute various useful relations at prominence line-of-sight velocities of 0, 100, and 300 km s−1 for 20 Å wide flat filter and three Gaussian filters with a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) equal to 5, 10, and 20 Å to show the relative brightness contribution of the He i D3 line and the prominence VL to the visibility in a given narrow-band filter. We also discuss possible signal contamination by Na i D1 and D2 lines, which otherwise may be useful to detect comets. Our results mainly show that i) an optimal narrow-band filter should be flat or somewhere between flat and Gaussian with an FWHM of 20 Å in order to detect fast-moving prominence structures, ii) the maximum emission in the He i D3 line is at 30 kK and the minimal at 100 kK, and iii) the ratio of emission in the He i D3 line to the VL emission can provide a useful diagnostic for the temperature of prominence structures. This ratio is up to 10 for hot prominence structures, up to 100 for cool structures, and up to 1000 for warm structures
Physics of Solar Prominences: I - Spectral Diagnostics and Non-LTE Modelling
This review paper outlines background information and covers recent advances
made via the analysis of spectra and images of prominence plasma and the
increased sophistication of non-LTE (ie when there is a departure from Local
Thermodynamic Equilibrium) radiative transfer models. We first describe the
spectral inversion techniques that have been used to infer the plasma
parameters important for the general properties of the prominence plasma in
both its cool core and the hotter prominence-corona transition region. We also
review studies devoted to the observation of bulk motions of the prominence
plasma and to the determination of prominence mass. However, a simple inversion
of spectroscopic data usually fails when the lines become optically thick at
certain wavelengths. Therefore, complex non-LTE models become necessary. We
thus present the basics of non-LTE radiative transfer theory and the associated
multi-level radiative transfer problems. The main results of one- and
two-dimensional models of the prominences and their fine-structures are
presented. We then discuss the energy balance in various prominence models.
Finally, we outline the outstanding observational and theoretical questions,
and the directions for future progress in our understanding of solar
prominences.Comment: 96 pages, 37 figures, Space Science Reviews. Some figures may have a
better resolution in the published version. New version reflects minor
changes brought after proof editin
ALMA Observations of the Sun in Cycle 4 and Beyond
This document was created by the Solar Simulations for the Atacama Large
Millimeter Observatory Network (SSALMON) in preparation of the first regular
observations of the Sun with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array
(ALMA), which are anticipated to start in ALMA Cycle 4 in October 2016. The
science cases presented here demonstrate that a large number of scientifically
highly interesting observations could be made already with the still limited
solar observing modes foreseen for Cycle 4 and that ALMA has the potential to
make important contributions to answering long-standing scientific questions in
solar physics. With the proposal deadline for ALMA Cycle 4 in April 2016 and
the Commissioning and Science Verification campaign in December 2015 in sight,
several of the SSALMON Expert Teams composed strategic documents in which they
outlined potential solar observations that could be feasible given the
anticipated technical capabilities in Cycle 4. These documents have been
combined and supplemented with an analysis, resulting in recommendations for
solar observing with ALMA in Cycle 4. In addition, the detailed science cases
also demonstrate the scientific priorities of the solar physics community and
which capabilities are wanted for the next observing cycles. The work on this
White Paper effort was coordinated in close cooperation with the two
international solar ALMA development studies led by T. Bastian (NRAO, USA) and
R. Brajsa, (ESO). This document will be further updated until the beginning of
Cycle 4 in October 2016. In particular, we plan to adjust the technical
capabilities of the solar observing modes once finally decided and to further
demonstrate the feasibility and scientific potential of the included science
cases by means of numerical simulations of the solar atmosphere and
corresponding simulated ALMA observations.Comment: SSALMON White Paper with focus on potential solar science with ALMA
in Cycle 4; 54 pages. Version 1.2, March 29th, 2016 (updated technical
capabilities and observing plans
Physics of Solar Prominences: II - Magnetic Structure and Dynamics
Observations and models of solar prominences are reviewed. We focus on
non-eruptive prominences, and describe recent progress in four areas of
prominence research: (1) magnetic structure deduced from observations and
models, (2) the dynamics of prominence plasmas (formation and flows), (3)
Magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) waves in prominences and (4) the formation and
large-scale patterns of the filament channels in which prominences are located.
Finally, several outstanding issues in prominence research are discussed, along
with observations and models required to resolve them.Comment: 75 pages, 31 pictures, review pape
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The European Solar Telescope
The European Solar Telescope (EST) is a project aimed at studying the magnetic connectivity of the solar atmosphere, from the deep photosphere to the upper chromosphere. Its design combines the knowledge and expertise gathered by the European solar physics community during the construction and operation of state-of-the-art solar telescopes operating in visible and near-infrared wavelengths: the Swedish 1m Solar Telescope, the German Vacuum Tower Telescope and GREGOR, the French Télescope Héliographique pour l'Étude du Magnétisme et des Instabilités Solaires, and the Dutch Open Telescope. With its 4.2 m primary mirror and an open configuration, EST will become the most powerful European ground-based facility to study the Sun in the coming decades in the visible and near-infrared bands. EST uses the most innovative technological advances: the first adaptive secondary mirror ever used in a solar telescope, a complex multi-conjugate adaptive optics with deformable mirrors that form part of the optical design in a natural way, a polarimetrically compensated telescope design that eliminates the complex temporal variation and wavelength dependence of the telescope Mueller matrix, and an instrument suite containing several (etalon-based) tunable imaging spectropolarimeters and several integral field unit spectropolarimeters. This publication summarises some fundamental science questions that can be addressed with the telescope, together with a complete description of its major subsystems
The European Solar Telescope
The European Solar Telescope (EST) is a project aimed at studying the magnetic connectivity of the solar atmosphere, from the deep photosphere to the upper chromosphere. Its design combines the knowledge and expertise gathered by the European solar physics community during the construction and operation of state-of-the-art solar telescopes operating in visible and near-infrared wavelengths: the Swedish 1m Solar Telescope, the German Vacuum Tower Telescope and GREGOR, the French Télescope Héliographique pour l’Étude du Magnétisme et des Instabilités Solaires, and the Dutch Open Telescope. With its 4.2 m primary mirror and an open configuration, EST will become the most powerful European ground-based facility to study the Sun in the coming decades in the visible and near-infrared bands. EST uses the most innovative technological advances: the first adaptive secondary mirror ever used in a solar telescope, a complex multi-conjugate adaptive optics with deformable mirrors that form part of the optical design in a natural way, a polarimetrically compensated telescope design that eliminates the complex temporal variation and wavelength dependence of the telescope Mueller matrix, and an instrument suite containing several (etalon-based) tunable imaging spectropolarimeters and several integral field unit spectropolarimeters. This publication summarises some fundamental science questions that can be addressed with the telescope, together with a complete description of its major subsystems
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