Possibilities of chemical weed control in horse bean (Vicia faba L. var. minor) cultivated under irrigation and rainfed regimes

Trois essais ont été installés durant la campagne agricole 2010-11 à Sefrou en irrigué (pivot), à Meknès et à Rommani en bour. Six herbicides (pendiméthaline (1050 g/ha), linuron (500 g/ha), métribuzine (420 g/ha), s-métolachlore (1440 g/ha), bentazone (960 g/ha) et paraquate (400 g/ha)) ont été utilisés seuls en prélevée ou en post-levée ou en séquences. La flore adventice relevée dans les trois sites a été relativement diversifiée. Elle était composée de 18 espèces (15 dicotylédones et 3 graminées) appartenant à 12 familles botaniques. En général, les traitements de prélevée (métribuzine, pendiméthaline et smétolachlore) ont donné de bonnes efficacités sur les dicotylédones et/ou les graminées selon le site d’essai avec une suprématie de métribuzine. Cependant, la métribuine n’était pas totalement sélective de la féverole. L’utilisation de bentazone et du paraquate en post émergence avait causé une légère phytotoxicité de la féverole. L’utilisation du bentazone seul n’était pas satisfaisante. Des efficacités qualifiées de bonnes à excellentes ont été obtenues avec quelques séquences d’herbicides. Généralement, la séquence de pendiméthaline suivie du paraquate (entre les lignes) reste la plus efficace et la plus économique des séquences testées.Three trials were conducted during the 2011-11 growing season at Sefrou under irrigation regime, Meknès and Rommani under rainfed conditions. Six herbicides (pendimethalin (1050 g/ha), linuron (500 g/ha), metribuzin (420 g/ha), S-metolachlore (1440 g/ha), bentazon (960 g/ha) and paraquat (400 g/ha)) were tested alone as pre-emergence or postemergence or as sequence of treatments. The weed flora of three sites was relatively diversified and composed of 18 species (15 broadleaved and 3 grasses) belonging to 12 botanical families. In general, the pre-emergence treatment (pendimethalin, linuron, metribuzin and S-metolachlore) gave good efficacies on broadleaved and/or grass species according to the experimental site. Metribuzin provided higher efficacies. However, metribuzin was not totally selective to horse bean. Applied as post-emergence treatment, bentazon and paraquat showed a slight crop injury. Used alone, bentazon efficacy was not sufficient. Good to excellent efficacies were obtained with some herbicides sequences. Generally, pendimethalin followed by paraquat (between rows) sequence remains the most efficient and economical among the tested treatments sequences

Anthropogenic radionuclides in the water column and a sediment core from the Alboran Sea: application to radiometric dating and reconstruction of historical water column radionuclide concentrations

Global fallout is the main source of anthropogenic radionuclides in the Mediterranean Sea. This work presents 137Cs, 239+240Pu and 241Am concentrations in the water column in the southwest Alboran Sea, which was sampled in December 1999. A sediment core was taken at 800 m depth in the area (35°47′ N, 04°48′ W). 210Pb, 226Ra, 137Cs and 239+240Pu specific activities were measured at multiple depths in the core for dating purposes. 137Cs and 239+240Pu profiles did not show defined peaks that could be used as time markers, and they extended up to depths for which the 210Pb-based constant rate of supply (CRS) dating model provided inconsistent dates. These profiles can be useful to test dating models, understood as particular solutions of a general advection–diffusion problem, if the time series of radionuclide inputs into the sediment is provided. Thus, historical records of depth-averaged 137Cs and 239+240Pu concentrations in water, and their corresponding fluxes into the sediment, were reconstructed. A simple water-column model was used for this purpose, involving atmospheric fallout, measured distribution coefficient (k d) values, and a first-estimate of sedimentation rates. A dating model of constant mixing with constant sedimentation rate was applied successfully to three independent records (unsupported 210Pb, 137Cs and 239+240Pu), and provided the objective determination of mixing parameters and mass sedimentation rate. These results provide some insight into the fate of atmospheric inputs to this marine environment and, particularly, into the contribution from the Chernobyl accident.International Atomic Energy Agency Research Project RAF/7/00

Snail protein inhibition by drug repositioning for recurrent breast cancer: an in-silico study

Objective: Snail is a transcription factor that promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and facilitates tumor progression and metastasis in breast cancer. Therefore, it is a promising target for the development of anticancer agents. The objective of this study was to identify FDA-approved drugs that can be repurposed as Snail inhibitors. Materials and Methods: Using a virtual screening strategy, three molecules were selected among 1615 (Stivarga, Paritaprevir and Sorafenib). Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were performed to examine Snail-drugs interactions. Results: Our docking analysis identified Stivarga and Sorafenib, two antineoplastic drugs, as potential repositioning drugs to treat recurrent breast cancer due to their low free binding energy values. Additional molecular dynamics simulations of the Snail-drug systems revealed that Sorafenib was the most stable, lasting from 30 to 120 ns and forming 2-4 hydrogen bonds. Conclusions: The antineoplastic drugs Stivarga and Sorafenib have better affinity and inhibition of Snail and could be a simple drug therapy for recurrent breast cancer

Reversible stimulus-responsive Cu(i) iodide pyridine coordination polymer

We present a structurally flexible copper–iodide–pyridine-based coordination polymer showing drastic variations in its electrical conductivity driven by temperature and sorption of acetic acid molecules. The dramatic effect on the electrical conductivity enables the fabrication of a simple and robust device for gas detection. X-ray diffraction studies and DFT calculations allow the rationalisation of these observations.We are thankful for support from MICINN (MAT2013-46753-C2-1-P, MAT2013-46502-C2-1/2-P and CTQ2011-26507), Eusko Jaurlaritza (S-PE13UN016) and Generalitat Valenciana PrometeoII/2014/076

Production, characterization, and antigen specificity of recombinant 62-71-3, a candidate monoclonal antibody for rabies prophylaxis in humans

Rabies kills many people throughout the developing world every year. The murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) 62-71-3 was recently identified for its potential application in rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). The purpose here was to establish a plant-based production system for a chimeric mouse-human version of mAb 62-71-3, to characterize the recombinant antibody and investigate at a molecular level its interaction with rabies virus glycoprotein. Chimeric 62-71-3 was successfully expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Glycosylation was analyzed by mass spectroscopy; functionality was confirmed by antigen ELISA, as well as rabies and pseudotype virus neutralization. Epitope characterization was performed using pseudotype virus expressing mutagenized rabies glycoproteins. Purified mAb demonstrated potent viral neutralization at 500 IU/mg. A critical role for antigenic site I of the glycoprotein, as well as for two specific amino acid residues (K226 and G229) within site I, was identified with regard to mAb 62-71-3 neutralization. Pseudotype viruses expressing glycoprotein from lyssaviruses known not to be neutralized by this antibody were the controls. The results provide the molecular rationale for developing 62-71-3 mAb for rabies PEP; they also establish the basis for developing an inexpensive plant-based antibody product to benefit low-income families in developing countries.—Both, L., van Dolleweerd, C., Wright, E., Banyard, A. C., Bulmer-Thomas, B., Selden, D., Altmann, F., Fooks, A. R., Ma, J. K.-C. Production, characterization, and antigen specificity of recombinant 62-71-3, a candidate monoclonal antibody for rabies prophylaxis in humans

Toward a multiscale modeling framework for understanding serotonergic function

Despite its importance in regulating emotion and mental wellbeing, the complex structure and function of the serotonergic system present formidable challenges toward understanding its mechanisms. In this paper, we review studies investigating the interactions between serotonergic and related brain systems and their behavior at multiple scales, with a focus on biologically-based computational modeling. We first discuss serotonergic intracellular signaling and neuronal excitability, followed by neuronal circuit and systems levels. At each level of organization, we will discuss the experimental work accompanied by related computational modeling work. We then suggest that a multiscale modeling approach that integrates the various levels of neurobiological organization could potentially transform the way we understand the complex functions associated with serotonin

Public–Private Partnership in Tunisia: Enfidha Airport Assessment of an Infrastructure Achievement

One of the largest recent private-sector investments and the first airport private-sector concession in the Maghreb is Enfidha Airport, a key factor in the success of the Tunisian Government’s public– private partnership (PPP) strategy. However, since Tunisia’s Jasmine Revolution, political and social turmoil is sweeping the country and worsening the economic indicators. This article aims to assess this PPP infrastructure, allowing us to determine if it is profitable in the long term and contributes therefore to the economic growth. The case study reveals the key role of the economic, social, and political environment in Tunisia, the dawn of the Arab Spring