7,577 research outputs found
Dynamics in a Bistable-Element-Network with Delayed Coupling and Local Noise
The dynamics of an ensemble of bistable elements under the influence of noise
and with global time-delayed coupling is studied numerically by using a
Langevin description and analytically by using 1) a Gaussian approximation and
2) a dichotomous model. We find that for a strong enough positive feedback the
system undergoes a phase transition and adopts a non-zero stationary mean
field. A variety of coexisting oscillatory mean field states are found for
positive and negative couplings. The magnitude of the oscillatory states is
maximal for a certain noise temperature, i.e., the system demonstrates the
phenomenon of coherence resonance. While away form the transition points the
system dynamics is well described by the Gaussian approximation, near the
bifurcations it is more adequately described by the dichotomous model.Comment: 2 pages, 2 figures. To be published in the proceedings of "The 3rd
International Symposium on Slow Dynamics in Complex Systems", eds. M.
Tokuyama, I. Oppenheim, AIP Conf. serie
A Local-Dominance Theory of Voting Equilibria
It is well known that no reasonable voting rule is strategyproof. Moreover,
the common Plurality rule is particularly prone to strategic behavior of the
voters and empirical studies show that people often vote strategically in
practice. Multiple game-theoretic models have been proposed to better
understand and predict such behavior and the outcomes it induces. However,
these models often make unrealistic assumptions regarding voters' behavior and
the information on which they base their vote.
We suggest a new model for strategic voting that takes into account voters'
bounded rationality, as well as their limited access to reliable information.
We introduce a simple behavioral heuristic based on \emph{local dominance},
where each voter considers a set of possible world states without assigning
probabilities to them. This set is constructed based on prospective candidates'
scores (e.g., available from an inaccurate poll). In a \emph{voting
equilibrium}, all voters vote for candidates not dominated within the set of
possible states.
We prove that these voting equilibria exist in the Plurality rule for a broad
class of local dominance relations (that is, different ways to decide which
states are possible). Furthermore, we show that in an iterative setting where
voters may repeatedly change their vote, local dominance-based dynamics quickly
converge to an equilibrium if voters start from the truthful state. Weaker
convergence guarantees in more general settings are also provided.
Using extensive simulations of strategic voting on generated and real
preference profiles, we show that convergence is fast and robust, that emerging
equilibria are consistent across various starting conditions, and that they
replicate widely known patterns of human voting behavior such as Duverger's
law. Further, strategic voting generally improves the quality of the winner
compared to truthful voting
Qubit versus bit for measuring an integral of a classical field
Methods for measuring an integral of a classical field via local interaction
of classical bits or local interaction of qubits passing through the field one
at a time are analyzed. A quantum method, which has an exponentially better
precision than any classical method we could see, is described.Comment: Significantly revised, to be published in PR
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