The Behaviour of Dickey Fuller test in the case of noisy data: to what extent we can trust the outcome.

We examine the behaviour of Dickey Fuller test (DF) in the case of noisy data using Monte Carlo simulation. The findings show clearly that the size distortion of DF test becomes larger as the noise increases in the data.Hypothesis testing; Unit root test; Monte Carlo Analysis.

Management of early blight of potato using bio control agents and plant extracts

The early blight of potato is mainly controlled by using chemical fungicides but chemical fungicides have got some adverse effect on environment as well as human beings. Keeping this in mind an experiment was conducted to test the efficacy of four plant extracts (tea, garlic, onion and neem leaf extract) and four bio-control agents (Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Streptomyces graseoviridis and Bacillus substilis) in controlling early blight of potato under field and in in vitro condition. These antifungal compounds were applied 3 times at 7days interval after first appearance of the disease in the field. Among the bio control agents T. viride was found highly effective in per cent disease reduction (52.39%) of disease over control treatment. The tuber yield (25.51 t/ ha.) was also highest in this treatment compared to control treatment (19.53 t/ha). This was followed by treatment T2 i.e. P. fluorescens where per cent incidence and intensity of disease were (65.00%) and (19.10%) respectively with 38.97% reduction of disease over control with tuber yield 23.65 t/ha. It was followed by S. graseoviridis where per cent incidence and intensity of disease were (68.00%) and (22.90%) respectively with 26.30% reduction of disease over control with tuber yield 21.07 t/ha. Among plant extracts, only neem leaf extract exhibited per cent reduction of disease (33.18%) over control treatment in field condition and inhibition of radial growth (59.85%) and spore germination (81.95%) in in vitro condition. Therefore both T. viride and neem can be used for managing the early blight of potato

Pengembangan Alat Praktikum Termodinamika Berbasis Problem Based Learning Bagi Peserta Didik Sma/ma Kelas XI

Penelitian ini bertujuan 1) Mengembangkan alat praktikum termodinamika berbasis problem based learning bagi peserta didik SMA/MA kelas XI 2) Mengetahui kualitas alat praktikum termodinamika berbasis problem based learning berdasarkan penilaian ahli materi, ahli media, danpendidik fisika SMA/MA 3) Mengetahui respon peserta didik dan keterlaksanaan alat praktikumtermodinamika berbasis problem based learning bagi peserta didik SMA/MA kelas XI. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian R&D dengan model prosedural yang mengadaptasi prosedur penelitian pengembangan menurut Borg and Gall yaitu (1) studi pendahuluan, (2) merencanakan penelitian, (3) pengembangan desain, (4) uji lapangan terbatas, (5) revisi hasil uji lapangan terbatas, (6) uji lapangan lebih luas, (7) revisi hasil uji lapangan lebih luas, (8) uji kelayakan, (9) revisi hasil uji kelayakan, dan (10) diseminasi dan implementasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan sampai pada tahap ke-7, yaitu revisi hasil uji lapangan lebih luas. Instrumen penelitian berupa lembar penilaian kualitas alat praktikum termodinamika berbasis problem based learning untuk ahli materi, ahli media, dan pendidik Fisika SMA/MA menggunakan skala Likert yang dibuat dalam bentuk checklist. Instrumen untuk peserta didik berupa skala respon peserta didik menggunakan skala Likert yang dibuat dalam bentuk checklist. Instrumen keterlaksanaan alat praktikum berupa deskripsi keterlaksanaan alat praktikum saat dilakukan uji coba produk kepada peserta didik. Data hasil penilaian diubah menjadi rerata skor kemudian dibandingkan dengan tabel klasifikasi kriteria kualitatif penilaian produk dan respon peserta didik. Hasil penelitian yang telah dikembangkan berupa alat praktikum termodinamika berbasis problem based learning bagi peserta didik SMA/MA kelas XI berdasarkan karakteristik Problem Based Learning. Kualitas alat praktikum termodinamika yang dikembangkan menurut penilaian ahli materi, ahli media, dan pendidik Fisika SMA/MA adalah sangat baik (SB). Respon peserta didik terhadap alat praktikum termodinamika pada uji coba produk adalah sangat setuju (SS), sedangkan hambatan pada keterlaksanaan alat praktikum yaitu pada kerjasama kelompok, percobaan hukum ke-0, rangkaian alat praktikum, dan waktu pengamatan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa alat praktikum termodinamika yang dikembangkan dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu media pembelajaran bagi peserta didik kelas XI SMA/MA

Computational Approach to Identifying Universal Macrophage Biomarkers.

Macrophages engulf and digest microbes, cellular debris, and various disease-associated cells throughout the body. Understanding the dynamics of macrophage gene expression is crucial for studying human diseases. As both bulk RNAseq and single cell RNAseq datasets become more numerous and complex, identifying a universal and reliable marker of macrophage cell becomes paramount. Traditional approaches have relied upon tissue specific expression patterns. To identify universal biomarkers of macrophage, we used a previously published computational approach called BECC (Boolean Equivalent Correlated Clusters) that was originally used to identify conserved cell cycle genes. We performed BECC analysis using the known macrophage marker CD14 as a seed gene. The main idea behind BECC is that it uses massive database of public gene expression dataset to establish robust co-expression patterns identified using a combination of correlation, linear regression and Boolean equivalences. Our analysis identified and validated FCER1G and TYROBP as novel universal biomarkers for macrophages in human and mouse tissues

Comprehensive thermal and structural characterization of antimony-phosphate glass

For the first time, we prepare new ternary glass systems of composition (95-x)Sb2O3-xP2O5-5MgO, where x = 45, 40, 35 mol%; (85-x)Sb2O3-xP2O5-15MgO, where x = 55, 35, 25 mol%; (75-x)Sb2O3-xP2O5-25MgO, where x = 45, 35, 25 mol%; and 60Sb2O3-(40-x)P2O5-xMgO, where x = 10, 20 mol% via melt-quenching method. Synthesized glasses are characterized using XRD, FESEM, EDX, and TG/DTA measurements. The influence of varying modifier concentrations on their thermal properties is evaluated. The XRD patterns confirmed the amorphous nature of samples. SEM images demonstrated interesting phase formation with ribbons-like texture. Five crystalline phases are evidenced in the ternary diagram which are antimony phosphate and antimony orthophosphate as major phases as well as magnesium phosphate, magnesium cyclo-tetraphosphate and cervantite as minor phases. EDX spectra detected the right elemental traces. Detailed thermal analysis of these glasses revealed their high-molecular polymer character for Sb2O3 content greater than 50 mol%. Three different glass transition temperatures are achieved around 276, 380–381 and 422–470 °C depending on the composition. Furthermore, the solidus and liquidus temperature are found to decrease with increasing Sb2O3 and increases for MgO contents till 15 mol% and then decrease, where the lowest recorded solidus temperature is 426 °C. This observation may open up new research avenues for antimony based ternary glasses and an exploitation of the derived results for optoelectronics applications, photonic devices and non-linear optical devices

The 8 o'clock Arc: A Serendipitous Discovery of a Strongly Lensed Lyman Break Galaxy in the SDSS DR4 Imaging Data

We report on the serendipitous discovery of the brightest Lyman Break Galaxy (LBG) currently known, a galaxy at z=2.73 that is being strongly lensed by the z=0.38 Luminous Red Galaxy (LRG) SDSS J002240.91+143110.4. The arc of this gravitational lens system, which we have dubbed the "8 o'clock arc" due to its time of discovery, was initially identified in the imaging data of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 4 (SDSS DR4); followup observations on the Astrophysical Research Consortium (ARC) 3.5m telescope at Apache Point Observatory confirmed the lensing nature of this system and led to the identification of the arc's spectrum as that of an LBG. The arc has a spectrum and a redshift remarkably similar to those of the previous record-holder for brightest LBG (MS 1512-cB58, a.k.a "cB58"), but, with an estimated total magnitude of (g,r,i) = (20.0,19.2,19.0) and surface brightness of (mu_g,mu_r,mu_i) = (23.3, 22.5, 22.3) mag/arcsec^2, the 8 o'clock arc is thrice as bright. The 8 o'clock arc, which consists of three lensed images of the LBG, is 162deg (9.6arcsec) long and has a length-to-width ratio of 6:1. A fourth image of the LBG -- a counter-image -- can also be identified in the ARC 3.5m g-band images. A simple lens model for the system assuming a singular isothermal ellipsoid potential yields an Einstein radius of 2.91+/-0.14 arcsec, a total mass for the lensing LRG (within the (10.6+/-0.5)/h kpc enclosed by the lensed images) of 1.04x10^12/h Msun, and a magnification factor for the LBG of 12.3(+15/-3.6). The LBG itself is intrinsically quite luminous (approximately 6L*) and shows indications of massive recent star formation, perhaps as high as 160/h Msun/year.Comment: 4 pages 5 figures, submitted to ApJ Letter

Local u'g'r'i'z' Standard Stars in the Chandra Deep Field-South

Because several observing programs are underway in various spectral regimes to explore the Chandra Deep Field South (CDF-S), the value of local photometric standards is obvious. As part of an NOAO Surveys Program to establish u'g'r'i'z' standard stars in the southern hemisphere, we have observed the central region of the CDF-S to create local standards for use by other investigators using these filters. As a courtesy, we present the CDF-S standards to the public now, although the main program will not finish until mid-2005.Comment: Accepted by AJ (scheduled for October 2003 issue). 26 pages, 5 tables, 5 figures. High resolution version of Figure 7 available at http://home.fnal.gov/~dtucker/Southern_ugriz/index.htm

Chiral force of guided light on an atom

We calculate the force of a near-resonant guided light field of an ultrathin optical fiber on a two-level atom. We show that, if the atomic dipole rotates in the meridional plane, the magnitude of the force of the guided light depends on the field propagation direction. The chirality of the force arises as a consequence of the directional dependencies of the Rabi frequency of the guided driving field and the spontaneous emission from the atom. This provides a unique method for controlling atomic motion in the vicinity of an ultrathin fiber.Comment: text and figures were revised, and a new discussion was adde

A Catalog of Very Isolated Galaxies from the SDSS Data Release 1

We present a new catalog of isolated galaxies obtained through an automated systematic search. These 2980 isolated galaxies were found in approximately 2099 sq deg of sky in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 1 (SDSS DR1) photometry. The selection algorithm, implementing a variation on the criteria developed by Karachentseva in 1973, proved to be very efficient and fast. This catalog will be useful for studies of the general galaxy characteristics. Here we report on our results.Comment: 67 pages, which includes 14 figures. Accepted for publication by A

Hubungan Antara Dukungan Keluarga Melaui Interaksi Sosial Upaya Penyediaan Transportasi Finansial Dan DUkungan Dalam Menyiapkan Makanan Dengan Respon Kehilangan Pada Lansia Di Desa Pekaja Kalibagor Kabupaten Banyumas

This study was descriptive corelational with cross-sectional design that aims to examine the relationship between family support and the older people loss response at Pekaja village kalibagor Public Health Center. The population were 150 older people whose ≥ 60 years old and lived at Pekaja village, Kalibagor Public Health Center. The sample size were 150 older people, lived with thir family, healthy and ready to be respondent, and the number for each ranking are determined by using population total sampling. Chi-square was used to examine the relationship between family support and the older people loss response. The result of the study showed that the older people with adaptif loss responses were 80 peoples (53,3%), more than the older people with unadaptif loss respones 70 (46,7%). From correlational analysis with p=0,05 there were the significant relationship between the family support and loss respone of the older people, the were significantly correlated interaction social support (p = 0,039), transportation aids support (p = 0,019), financial support (p = 0,04) and family support for preparing of some food (p = 0,17). The kind of family support that there were more dominant relationship with loss respone were interaction social support. The study concluded that family support needed the older people to adapt changing from effect aging process, especially interaction social family support was neede