ELSA in industrial robotics

Purpose of ReviewIndustry is changing; converging technologies allow a fourth Industrial Revolution, where it is envisaged that robots will work alongside humans. We investigate how the research community is responding to the ethical, legal, and social aspects of industrial robots, with a primary focus on manufacturing industry.Recent FindingsThe literature shows considerable interest in the impact of robotics and automation on industry. This interest spans many disciplines, which is to be expected given that the ELS impacts of industrial robotics may be profound in their depth and far-reaching in their scope.SummaryWe suggest that the increasing importance of human-robot interaction (HRI) reduces the differentiation between industrial robotics and other robotic domains and that the main challenges to successful adoption for the benefit of human life are above all political and economic. Emerging standards and legal frameworks may scaffold this success, but it is apparent that getting it wrong might have repercussions that last for generations

"Simplification of Hot Rolling Schedule in Ti-Microalloyed Steels with Optimized Ti/N Ratio" Simplification of Hot Rolling Schedule in Ti-Microalloyed Steels with Optimised Ti/N Ratio

Thermomechanical simulations have been carried out on two Ti-microalloyed steels and one reference steel without Ti. The pinning forces exerted by TiN particles in the Ti-steels have been determined and compared with the driving forces for austenite grain growth and static recrystallisation between hot rolling passes. The driving forces for recrystallisation were found to be approximately two orders of magnitude higher than the pinning forces, which explains why the austenite in these steels barely experiences hardening during rolling and why the accumulated stress prior to the austenite→ferrite transformation is insufficient to refine the ferritic grain. On the other hand, austenite grain size hardly varies during hot rolling, as the TiN precipitates exert a strong control from the reheating temperature to the last pass. A Ti/N ratio close to 2 is able to control austenite grain growth at high austenitisation temperatures. So, both aspects -high driving forces for static recrystallisation and control on austenite grain size-allow reducing the number of passes applied. In this case, ferrite grain refinement should be reached by austenite strengthening and accelerated cooling during the transformation to ferrite

IETF Reliable and Available Wireless (RAW): Use Cases and Problem Statement

International audienceDue to uncontrolled interferences, including the self-induced multi-path fading, deterministic networking is difficult to achieve on wire- less links. The radio conditions may change much faster than a central- ized routing paradigm can adapt and reprogram, in particular when the controller is distant and connectivity is slow and limited. Reliable and Available Wireless (RAW) separates the routing time scale at which a complex path is recomputed from the forwarding time scale at which the forwarding decision is taken for an individual packet. RAW operates at the forwarded time scale. The RAW problem is to decide, within the redundant solutions that are proposed by the routing plane, which will be used for each individual packet to provide a Deterministic Network- ing (DetNet) service while minimizing the waste of resources. A solution would consist of a set of protocols that evaluate the media in real time and another that controls the use of redundancy and diversity attributes that are available along the path. In this paper, we first introduce the motivation behind this approach along with the industrial use cases that requires RAW characteristics. We then give an overview of the ongoing related works at the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Finally, we present the RAW problem statement

Applications of Learning Algorithms to Industrial Robotics

Learning algorithms are becoming popular in industrial manufacturing thanks to their promise to make a robot conscious of its surroundings and capable of human-like abilities, gaining greater flexibility with respect to traditional robotic systems. The aim is to operate also complex tasks without the need for explicit instructions, permitting the creation of fully autonomous systems where human operators are not included. A panoramic of the current state of the art in industrial fields is presented, starting from object recognition and grasping pose detection, to task planning and applications based on demonstrations by the operator