Identification of Collagen IV Associated Proteins in Drsophila Using Genetics and Mass Spectrometry

Metastatic cancer cells invade and spread to other locations by disrupting the basement membrane (BM). The membrane plays a major role during the normal development of an organism as well. In order to understand the invasion mechanism it is important to know about the interactions occurring between the proteins of the BM during normal development. This study concentrates on isolating and identifying the major factors associated with collagen IV, a major component of BM, during the third instar larval development of Drosophila. Western blot and mass spectrometry analysis revealed that collagen IV associates with various growth factors, signaling molecules, and proteins that may play a role during the development of Drosophila. Co-localization and knockdown studies performed on a single protein found through mass spectrometry suggested a possible role of this protein in the development of Drosophila. Further analysis of this proteins’ function will provide new insights into its developmental role and its potential role in collagen IV transport

Formate Assisted Pyrolysis of Lignin

A significant fraction of global energy demand is met through nonrenewable petroleum feedstock, which increases the risk of energy security. The energy production from nonrenewable petroleum feedstocks is one of the large contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, which can cause climate change impacts. The energy security can be improved, and the greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced by deriving energy from domestically available renewable lignocellulosic feedstocks such as wood. Wood has three major components: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The cellulose is primarily used to produce pulp and paper. The hemicellulose is often utilized to produce a valueadded chemical like furfural. However, lignin is an underutilized component of wood, which is primarily used as a boiler fuel. The current economic value o f the lignin is very low as its application is greatly limited. The low economic value of lignin can also be limiting the commercialization of biorefineries to produce biofuels. has been conducted to valorize lignin via fast pyrolysis Significant research and catalytic pyrolysis to produce chemicals and fuels. However, problems such as feeding, low energy density of biooil due to a high oxygen content, irreversible deactivation of the catalyst due to the presence of ash are hindering the commercialization of these processes. In this study, we explore the possibility of overcoming these problems with the formate assisted pyrolysis (FAsP) of lignin. The FAsP involves pretreating lignin with two formate salts (calcium formate and magnesium fo rmate) before it is pyrolyzed in a reactor at a temperature of 500 °C. Two different mass concentrations formate salts salt per g of lignin. It wa we re considered: 0.5 g and 1 g of formate s observed that lignin feeding issues can be overcome by pretreating lignin with the formate salts of calcium and magnesium. The highest bio yield of pyrolysis of pretreated lignin with calcium and magnesium formate salts waoil s found to be 7% and 15.5 %, respectively. The O/C ratio of biooil wa s found to be 0.08 and 0.16 for the lignin pretreatment with calcium and magnesium formate salts, respectively. By CNMR it was detected that biooil has more than 75% aromatics

Field Evaluations of Herbicides on Vegetable, Small Fruit, and Ornamental Crops, 2000, 2001, & 2002

Field evaluations of herbicides provide the chemical industry, governmental agencies, such as IR-4, and the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station with an evaluation of herbicide performance on small fruit, vegetable, and ornamental crops grown under Arkansas conditions. This report provides a means for disseminating information to interested private and public service weed scientists

DAM BREAK-A Review

The Dams are essential structures compiling numerous advantages for the development and sustenance of society, on the contrary breaking of dam can prove to be fatal in the same proportion. The study of dam breach and modelling of dam break scenario thus becomes very important for mapping of floods and preparation of emergency action plans. Failure of a dam differs from one type of dam to other. Dam failure may be broadly classified as instantaneous and gradual. The masonry or rigid concrete dams fail instantly due to failure of monolith on the other hand the earthen dam fail gradually by erosion due to overtopping over crest and piping failure beneath the dam structure. With the advancement in computational techniques various types of software are now available which enables simulation of dam break scenarios and help in preparation of inundation maps. This paper reviews the study of dam break scenario and important types of dam breach parameters. Various guidelines regarding dam breach parameters have been compiled and the capabilities of different types of software available for simulation of dam break scenarios have also been discussed

Computational Fluid Dynamics and Its Solicitation in Dentistry and Its Various Divisions – An Update and Review of Literature

  Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a part of fluid mechanics that uses numerical means and algorithms to anticipate and resolve problems associated with fluid flow (gas or liquid). Boundary conditions that are set, intends to mimic the clinical condition. Fluid flow dynamics in the various aspects of the biological systems such as blood flow can contribute significantly to the area of research and development. Alteration in the flow dynamics in relation to gas or liquid may have important effects over the biological systems involved. The present review article aims to shed light upon the fundamental aspects of the modelling the digital clinical model or a 3-dimensional model in order to know about the behaviour of the system concerned and to acquire knowledge for carrying out future experimentation which would be beneficial in scientific field for various treatment modalities

Nitric oxide and its metabolites in the critical phase of illness: rapid biomarkers in the making

The potential of nitric oxide (NO) as a rapid assay biomarker, one that could provide a quantum leap in acute care, remains largely untapped. NO plays a crucial role as bronchodilator, vasodilator and inflammatory mediator. The main objective of this review is to demonstrate how NO is a molecule of heavy interest in various acute disease states along the emergency department and critical care spectrum: respiratory infections, central nervous system infections, asthma, acute kidney injury, sepsis, septic shock, and myocardial ischemia, to name just a few. We discuss how NO and its oxidative metabolites, nitrite and nitrate, are readily detectable in several body compartments and fluids, and as such they are associated with many of the pathophysiological processes mentioned above. With methods such as high performance liquid chromatography and chemiluminescence these entities are relatively easy and inexpensive to analyze. Emphasis is placed on diagnostic rapidity, as this relates directly to quality of care in acute care situations. Further, a rationale is provided for more bench, translational and clinical research in the field of NO biomarkers for such settings. Developing standard protocols for the aforementioned disease states, centered on concentrations of NO and its metabolites, can prove to revolutionize diagnostics and prognostication along a spectrum of clinical care. We present a strong case for developing these biomarkers more as point-of-care assays with potential of color gradient test strips for rapid screening of disease entities in acute care and beyond. This will be relevant to global health

On modelling and analysis of voxel-based force prediction for a 3-axis CNC machining

Determination of cutting forces is the main requirement for understanding the machining process and optimising its parameters for achieving higher productivity and surface finish. This paper presents an exploratory study and the development of a model to estimate cutting forces for a 3-axis CNC milling process using a voxel-based CAD model. The developed algorithm takes the NC code, workpiece/tool material properties, and the tool geometry data as inputs. The cutting tool engagement with the workpiece is computed using a discretized (voxelized) model. The calculated voxel engagement was finally used to calculate the cutting forces using the analytical method. The algorithm was implemented and tested for various case studies and the in-house experimental data for different types of end mill tools. Finally, the effect of variation in the size of the voxel and the number of flutes was studied. The model showed a good correlation and was found to be accurate (~80%) and robust.</p