Weighted Lp→LqL^p\to L^q-boundedness of commutators and paraproducts in the Bloom setting

We characterize the $L^p(\mu)\to L^q(\lambda)$ boundedness of commutators of Calder\'on--Zygmund operators and pointwise multiplication in the upper triangular Bloom setting: Let $1<q<p<\infty$, $\mu\in A_p$, $\lambda\in A_q$ and define the Bloom weight $\nu$ by $\nu^{1/p+1/q'}:= \mu^{1/p} \lambda^{-1/q}$. For a locally integrable function $b$ and a non-degenerate Calder\'on--Zygmund operator $T$, the commutator $[b,T]:L^p(\mu)\to L^q(\lambda)$ is bounded if and only if $M^\#_\nu b\in L^{r}(\nu)$, where $\frac1r := \frac1q-\frac1p$ and $M^\#_\nu b$ is the weighted sharp maximal function defined by $$M^\#_\nu b:=\sup_{Q} \frac{\mathbf{1}_Q}{\nu(Q)} \int |b-\langle b\rangle_Q |\,\mathrm{d}x.$$ In parallel to commutators, we also characterize the boundedness of dyadic paraproducts $\Pi_b$ in the Bloom setting for all $p,q \in (1,\infty)$. This completes the characterisation of the $L^p(\mu) \to L^q(\lambda)$-boundedness of both commutators of Calder\'on--Zygmund operators and pointwise multiplication and of paraproducts in the Bloom setting for all $p,q \in (1,\infty)$.Comment: 37 page

Relation of Use of Red Blood Cell Transfusion After Acute Coronary Syndrome to Long-Term Mortality

Registry studies have associated red blood cell (RBC) transfusion with increased in hospital mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The impact on long-term mortality after 1-year follow-up remains unknown. Consecutive patients with ACS (n = 2,009) of a prospective Genetic Predisposition of Coronary Artery Disease cohort were followed for a median of 8.6 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.59 to 8.69). After discharge, 1,937 (96%) patients survived for over 30 days. Of those survivors, a subgroup of previously transfusion-nave patients 85/1,937 (4.4%) who had received at least 1 RBC transfusion during hospitalization were compared with 1,278/1,937 patients (66.0%) who had not received any transfusion either during the hospitalization or the entire follow-up. Unadjusted long-term mortality was significantly higher in the patients transfused with RBC compared with their counterparts not transfused with RBC (58.8% vs 20.3%, pPeer reviewe

Chemical equilibrium study at SPS 158A GeV

A detailed study of chemical freeze-out in nucleus-nucleus collisions at beam energy 158A GeV is presented. By analyzing hadronic multiplicities within the statistical hadronization approach, the chemical equilibration of p-p, C-C, Si-Si and Pb-Pb systems is studied as a function of the number of participating nucleons in the system. Additionally, Two Component statistical hadronization model is applied to the data and is found to be able to explain the observed strangeness hadronic phase space under-saturation.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures to appear in the proceedings of the ''Strangeness in Quark Matter 2004'' conferenc

Ferromagnetic resonance in ϵ\epsilon-Co magnetic composites

We investigate the electromagnetic properties of assemblies of nanoscale $\epsilon$-cobalt crystals with size range between 5 nm to 35 nm, embedded in a polystyrene (PS) matrix, at microwave (1-12 GHz) frequencies. We investigate the samples by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging, demonstrating that the particles aggregate and form chains and clusters. By using a broadband coaxial-line method, we extract the magnetic permeability in the frequency range from 1 to 12 GHz, and we study the shift of the ferromagnetic resonance with respect to an externally applied magnetic field. We find that the zero-magnetic field ferromagnetic resonant peak shifts towards higher frequencies at finite magnetic fields, and the magnitude of complex permeability is reduced. At fields larger than 2.5 kOe the resonant frequency changes linearly with the applied magnetic field, demonstrating the transition to a state in which the nanoparticles become dynamically decoupled. In this regime, the particles inside clusters can be treated as non-interacting, and the peak position can be predicted from Kittel's ferromagnetic resonance theory for non-interacting uniaxial spherical particles combined with the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation. In contrast, at low magnetic fields this magnetic order breaks down and the resonant frequency in zero magnetic field reaches a saturation value reflecting the interparticle interactions as resulting from aggregation. Our results show that the electromagnetic properties of these composite materials can be tuned by external magnetic fields and by changes in the aggregation structure.Comment: 14 pages, 13 figure

Paleoproterotsooisten arclogiittien jäljillä - Muutos 1.88 Ga kalkkialkalisesta magmatismista 1.86 Ga korkean Nb:n ja adakiitti-tyyppiseen magmatismiin Fennoskandian kilven keskiosissa

Arclogites, i.e., lower crustal gamet-pyroxenite cumulates, are suggested to play an important role in controlling magma differentiation in modem continental arcs. Until now, arclogite-related magmatism has only been described from the Phanerozoic Era. The Svecofennian orogen in the central Fennoscandian Shield hosts a rare association of 1.86 Ga igneous rocks geochemically distinct from the surrounding and much more abundant 1.90-1.87 Ga subduction-related talc-alkaline magmatism. The 1.86 Ga magmatic rocks are divided into three groups: 1) high-Nb gabbros (HNB) which are enriched in Fe2O3T, TiO2, P2O5, F. LILE, and HFSE (especially Nb: 18.9-44 ppm), show positive initial epsilon(Nd) value, and near-chondritic but variable initial zircon epsilon(Hf) values; 2) high-Mg gabbros (HMG) which are characterised by high MgO, CaO, Cr and Ni contents, slight enrichment in LILE, positive epsilon(Hf), and positive but variable zircon epsilon(Hf) values; 3) adakite-like rocks showing high Al2O3 and Na2O contents, slight enrichment in LILE, relative depletion in some HFSE, positive CNd value, and chondritic to negative zircon epsilon(Nd) values. The three groups yield zircon U-Pb ages of similar to 1.86 Ga and exhibit undeformed textures in contrast to the surrounding supracrustal rocks metamorphosed at similar to 1.88 Ga. The ages and compositions are dearly different from the adjacent 1.90-1.87 Ga arc-related igneous rocks suggesting a distinct origin. Despite similar ages and close spatial relationship, separate sources are required for each of the different 1.86 Ga rock groups. Trace element modelling of partial melting suggests that arclogites, with compositions similar to pyroxenite xenoliths found in the kimberlite pipes of eastern Finland, are the source for the HNB rocks. In contrast, subduction-modified mantle peridotite is the source for the HMG rocks, and a mafic lower crustal source is suggested for the adakite-like rocks. The following geodynamic model is suggested: (rutile-bearing) arclogite formation at 1.90-1.87 Ga followed by arclogite delamination and partial melting during extension of the thickened Svecofennian crust at 1.86 Ga. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Gene-gene interaction detection with deep learning

The extent to which genetic interactions affect observed phenotypes is generally unknown because current interaction detection approaches only consider simple interactions between top SNPs of genes. We introduce an open-source framework for increasing the power of interaction detection by considering all SNPs within a selected set of genes and complex interactions between them, beyond only the currently considered multiplicative relationships. In brief, the relation between SNPs and a phenotype is captured by a neural network, and the interactions are quantified by Shapley scores between hidden nodes, which are gene representations that optimally combine information from the corresponding SNPs. Additionally, we design a permutation procedure tailored for neural networks to assess the significance of interactions, which outperformed existing alternatives on simulated datasets with complex interactions, and in a cholesterol study on the UK Biobank it detected nine interactions which replicated on an independent FINRISK dataset.An open-source framework combines deep learning and permutations of gene interaction neural networks to detect complex gene-gene interactions and their significance in contributions to phenotypes.Peer reviewe

Impact of Nucleon Mass Shift on the Freeze Out Process

The freeze out of a massive nucleon gas through a finite layer with time-like normal is studied. The impact of in-medium nucleon mass shift on the freeze out process is investigated. A considerable modification of the thermodynamical variables temperature, flow-velocity, energy density and particle density has been found. Due to the nucleon mass shift the freeze out particle distribution functions are changed noticeably in comparison with evaluations, which use vacuum nucleon mass.Comment: submitted to Physical Review

”Muistan omilta kouluajoilta atk-kurssin ohjelmointihetken, jossa tunti opeteltiin kirjoittamaan pascal -koodia ja lopputulemana näytölle ilmestyi pikselin kokoinen piste.”:tapaustutkimus ohjelmoinnin opettamisesta suomalaisissa peruskouluissa

Tiivistelmä. Ohjelmoinnin ja ohjelmoinnillisen ajattelun nähdään kansainvälisesti lukeutuvan osaksi tulevaisuuden taitoja. Digitalisoituva yhteiskunta ja sen tarpeet ovat lähtökohtana näiden taitojen tärkeydelle. Ohjelmoinnin opetus sisällytettiin osaksi Perusopetuksen opetussuunnitelmien perusteita vuonna 2014. Tämä ei ole vielä kuitenkaan tarjonnut riittävän yhtenäisiä lähtökohtia ohjelmoinnin opetukselle kansallisella tasolla suomalaisissa peruskouluissa. Tässä pro gradu -tutkielmassa teoreettisen viitekehyksen muodostavat ohjelmointi, ohjelmoinnillinen ajattelu sekä näiden välinen yhteys. Tutkielman tavoitteena oli selvittää, millaisin eri tavoin ohjelmointia opetetaan suomalaisissa peruskouluissa ja määritellä, mitä ohjelmoinnin opetus pitää sisällään. Ohjelmoinnin opetusta lähestyttiin ohjelmoinnillisen ajattelun kehityksen kautta, ja tutkielman päämääränä oli selvittää, minkälaisia käsitteitä, käytänteitä ja päämääriä opetus sisältää. Tutkielma toteutettiin laadullisena tapaustutkimuksena, jota analysoitiin teoriaohjaavan sisällönanalyysin keinoin. Tutkielman aineisto koostui 42 kyselytutkimukseen osallistuneen opettajan tai muun kasvatusalan ammattilaisen vastauksista. Tutkielman tuloksissa selvisi, että suomalaisissa peruskouluissa tapahtuvassa ohjelmoinnin opetuksessa korostuvat keskeiset ohjelmoinnin käsitteet tukevat ja toisaalta tukeutuvat aiemmissa tutkimuksissa ja julkaisuissa mainittuihin keskeisiin ohjelmoinnin käsitteisiin. Tulokset myös osoittivat, että ohjelmointia opetetaan suomalaisissa peruskouluissa hyödyntäen useita eri ohjelmoinnin opetukselle teoriankin mukaan ominaisia työtapoja, toimintamalleja ja tehtävätyyppejä. Tulosten mukaan ohjelmoinnin opetuksen päämäärät suomalaisissa peruskouluissa niin ikään kulkevat käsikkäin teorian kanssa, jonka mukaan ohjelmoinnin opettamisen päämäärien tulisi sijaita itsensä ohjelmointitaidon ulkopuolisten, laaja-alaisempien tavoitteiden, kuten monilukutaidon, ajatteluntaitojen sekä työ- ja elinkeinoelämän tarpeiden ja vaateiden luona

Single nucleotide polymorphisms to discriminate different classes of hybrid between wild Atlantic salmon and aquaculture escapees

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