8,384 research outputs found
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Helping out: a national survey of volunteering and charitable giving
This report details the main findings of a national survey of volunteering and charitable giving – termed Helping Out – carried out by the National Centre for Social Research (NatCen) in partnership with the Institute for Volunteering Research (IVR) in 2006/07. The study was carried out for the Office of the Third Sector in the Cabinet Office.
The main aims of the study were to examine:
- how and why people give unpaid help to organisations, and what they think of their experiences;
- what stops people from giving help;
- the links between giving time and giving money;
- how, why and how much people give money to charity;
- what stops people from giving money to charity.
There was also interest in estimates of the prevalence of volunteering and charitable giving. However, for a number of reasons (detailed in Chapters 2 and 10), prevalence estimates derived from this study should not be used to look at changes in these measures over time. Other study series are better suited to this purpose.
In terms of volunteering, the study focused on formal help given through groups and organisations rather than informal help (given as an individual, e.g. to family and friends)
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The Effect of Probing "Don't Know" Responses on Measurement Quality and Nonresponse in Surveys
In survey interviews, “Don’t know” (DK) responses are commonly treated as missing data. One way to reduce the rate of such responses is to probe initial DK answers with a follow-up question designed to encourage respondents to give substantive, non- DK responses. However, such probing can also reduce data quality by introducing additional or differential measurement error. We propose a latent variable model for analyzing the effects of probing on responses to survey questions. The model makes it possible to separate measurement effects of probing from true differences between respondents who do and do not require probing. We analyze new data from an exper- iment which compared responses to two multi-item batteries of questions with and without probing. In this study, probing reduced the rate of DK responses by around a half. However, it also had substantial measurement effects, in that probed answers were often weaker measures of constructs of interest than were unprobed answers. These effects were larger for questions on attitudes than for pseudo-knowledge ques- tions on perceptions of external facts. The results provide evidence against the use of probing of “Don’t know” responses, at least for the kinds of items and respondents considered in this study
Leading quantum gravitational corrections to QED
We consider the leading post-Newtonian and quantum corrections to the
non-relativistic scattering amplitude of charged spin-1/2 fermions in the
combined theory of general relativity and QED. The coupled Dirac-Einstein
system is treated as an effective field theory. This allows for a consistent
quantization of the gravitational field. The appropriate vertex rules are
extracted from the action, and the non-analytic contributions to the 1-loop
scattering matrix are calculated in the non-relativistic limit. The
non-analytical parts of the scattering amplitude are known to give the long
range, low energy, leading quantum corrections, are used to construct the
leading post-Newtonian and quantum corrections to the two-particle
non-relativistic scattering matrix potential for two massive fermions with
electric charge.Comment: 14 pages, 29 figures, format RevTex
Discrete breathers in a two-dimensional hexagonal Fermi-Pasta-Ulam lattice
We consider a two-dimensional Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) lattice with hexagonal
symmetry. Using asymptotic methods based on small amplitude ansatz, at third
order we obtain a reduction to a cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLS) for
the breather envelope. However, this does not support stable soliton solutions,
so we pursue a higher-order analysis yielding a generalised NLS, which includes
known stabilising terms. We present numerical results which suggest that
long-lived stationary and moving breathers are supported by the lattice. We
find breather solutions which move in an arbitrary direction, an ellipticity
criterion for the wavenumbers of the carrier wave, asymptotic estimates for the
breather energy, and a minimum threshold energy below which breathers cannot be
found. This energy threshold is maximised for stationary breathers, and becomes
vanishingly small near the boundary of the elliptic domain where breathers
attain a maximum speed. Several of the results obtained are similar to those
obtained for the square FPU lattice (Butt & Wattis, J Phys A, 39, 4955,
(2006)), though we find that the square and hexagonal lattices exhibit
different properties in regard to the generation of harmonics, and the isotropy
of the generalised NLS equation.Comment: 29 pages, 14 Figure
The Answer is Blowing in the Wind
A 'News & Views' article -- no abstract
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Informing Non-Response Bias Model Creation in Social Surveys with Visualisation
Through an ongoing process of co-design and co-discovery we are developing and using visualization to explore large amounts of auxiliary data from unfamiliar sources to understand non-response bias in social surveys. We present auxiliary data in their geographical contexts and show how this can complement traditional data analysis and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the data. This is helping select variables for non-response modelling. These processes are not just limited to non-response analysis, but have potential to be used in wider quantitative analysis in social science
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