1,346 research outputs found
Dicke model and environment-induced entanglement in ion-cavity QED
We investigate realistic experimental conditions under which the collective
Dicke model can be implemented in ion-cavity QED context. We show how ideal
subradiance and superradiance can be observed and we propose an experiment to
generate entanglement exploiting the existence of the subradiant state. We
explore the conditions to achieve optimal entanglement generation and we show
that they are reachable with current experimental technology.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures. V2: published version, one reference added,
typos correcte
Bayesian quantification for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy
We propose a Bayesian statistical model for analyzing coherent anti-Stokes
Raman scattering (CARS) spectra. Our quantitative analysis includes statistical
estimation of constituent line-shape parameters, underlying Raman signal,
error-corrected CARS spectrum, and the measured CARS spectrum. As such, this
work enables extensive uncertainty quantification in the context of CARS
spectroscopy. Furthermore, we present an unsupervised method for improving
spectral resolution of Raman-like spectra requiring little to no \textit{a
priori} information. Finally, the recently-proposed wavelet prism method for
correcting the experimental artefacts in CARS is enhanced by using
interpolation techniques for wavelets. The method is validated using CARS
spectra of adenosine mono-, di-, and triphosphate in water, as well as,
equimolar aqueous solutions of D-fructose, D-glucose, and their disaccharide
combination sucrose
Open system dynamics with non-Markovian quantum jumps
We discuss in detail how non-Markovian open system dynamics can be described
in terms of quantum jumps [J. Piilo et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 180402
(2008)]. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to have a jump description
contained in the physical Hilbert space of the reduced system. The developed
non-Markovian quantum jump (NMQJ) approach is a generalization of the Markovian
Monte Carlo Wave Function (MCWF) method into the non-Markovian regime. The
method conserves both the probabilities in the density matrix and the norms of
the state vectors exactly, and sheds new light on non-Markovian dynamics. The
dynamics of the pure state ensemble illustrates how local-in-time master
equation can describe memory effects and how the current state of the system
carries information on its earlier state. Our approach solves the problem of
negative jump probabilities of the Markovian MCWF method in the non-Markovian
regime by defining the corresponding jump process with positive probability.
The results demonstrate that in the theoretical description of non-Markovian
open systems, there occurs quantum jumps which recreate seemingly lost
superpositions due to the memory.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures. V2: Published version. Discussion section
shortened and some other minor changes according to the referee's suggestion
Tailoring of motional states in double-well potentials by time-dependent processes
We show that the vibrational state tailoring method developed for molecular
systems can be applied for cold atoms in optical lattices. The original method
is based on a three-level model interacting with two strong laser pulses in a
counterintuitive sequence [M. Rodriguez et al., Phys. Rev. A 62, 053413
(2000)]. Here we outline the conditions for achieving similar dynamics with
single time-dependent potential surfaces. It is shown that guided switching
between diabatic and adiabatic evolution has an essential role in this system.
We also show that efficient and precise tailoring of motional states in optical
lattices can be achieved, for instance, simply by superimposing two lattices
and moving them with respect to each other.Comment: 9 pages, 11 figures, 25 references; accepted to PRA; v2: minor
explanatory remarks added & typos correcte
Age- and Sex-Specific Mortality Patterns in an Emerging Wildlife Epidemic: The Phocine Distemper in European Harbour Seals
Analyses of the dynamics of diseases in wild populations typically assume all individuals to be identical. However, profound effects on the long-term impact on the host population can be expected if the disease has age and sex dependent dynamics. The Phocine Distemper Virus (PDV) caused two mass mortalities in European harbour seals in 1988 and in 2002. We show the mortality patterns were highly age specific on both occasions, where young of the year and adult (>4 yrs) animals suffered extremely high mortality, and sub-adult seals (1–3 yrs) of both sexes experienced low mortality. Consequently, genetic differences cannot have played a main role explaining why some seals survived and some did not in the study region, since parents had higher mortality levels than their progeny. Furthermore, there was a conspicuous absence of animals older than 14 years among the victims in 2002, which strongly indicates that the survivors from the previous disease outbreak in 1988 had acquired and maintained immunity to PDV. These specific mortality patterns imply that contact rates and susceptibility to the disease are strongly age and sex dependent variables, underlining the need for structured epidemic models for wildlife diseases. Detailed data can thus provide crucial information about a number of vital parameters such as functional herd immunity. One of many future challenges in understanding the epidemiology of the PDV and other wildlife diseases is to reveal how immune system responses differ among animals in different stages during their life cycle. The influence of such underlying mechanisms may also explain the limited evidence for abrupt disease thresholds in wild populations
Modeling the impact of defects on the charge collection efficiency of a Cadmium Telluride detector
Cadmium telluride is a favorable material for X-ray detection as it has an outstanding characteristic for room temperature operation. It is a high-Z material with excellent photon radiation absorption properties. However, CdTe single crystals may include a large number of extended crystallographic defects, such as grain boundaries, twins, and tellurium (Te) inclusions, which can have an impact on detector performance. A Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) local defect model has been developed to investigate the effects of local defects on charge collection efficiency (CCE). We studied a 1 mm thick Schottky-type CdTe radiation detector with transient current technique by using a red laser at room temperature. By raster scanning the detector surface we were able to study signal shaping within the bulk, and to locate surface defects by observing their impact on the CCE. In this paper we present our TCAD model with localized defect, and compare the simulation results to TCT measurements. In the model an inclusion with a diameter of 10 mu m was assumed. The center of the defect was positioned at 6 mu m distance from the surface. We show that the defect has a notable effect on current transients, which in turn affect the CCE of the CdTe detector. The simulated charge collection at the position of the defect decreases by 80 % in comparison to the defect-free case. The simulations show that the defects give a characteristic shape to TCT signal. This can further be used to detect defects in CdTe detectors and to estimate the overall defect density in the material.Peer reviewe
- …