Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma - A Case Report

15 year old male who presented with a 6 month history of nasal obstruction and recurrent nasal bleeding. He had had about ten episodes of epistaxis in the 3 months. Examination revealed that vital signs were essentially within normal limits.The nasal cavity revealed fresh blood in the right nasal cavity but the bleeding site could not be visualized. An impression of epistaxis secondary rhinosinusitis was made

IRNSS/NavIC and GPS: a single- and dual-system L5 analysis

The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) has recently (May 2016) become fully operational. In this contribution, for the fully operational IRNSS as a stand-alone system and also in combination with GPS, we provide a first assessment of L5 integer ambiguity resolution and positioning performance. While our empirical analyses are based on the data collected by two JAVAD receivers at Curtin University, Perth, Australia, our formal analyses are carried out for various onshore locations within the IRNSS service area. We study the noise characteristics (carrier-to-noise density, measurement precision, time correlation), the integer ambiguity resolution performance (success rates and ambiguity dilution of precision), and the positioning performance (ambiguity float and ambiguity fixed). The results show that our empirical outcomes are consistent with their formal counterparts and that the GPS L5-data have a lower noise level than that of IRNSS L5-data, particularly in case of the code data. The underlying model in our assessments varies from stand-alone IRNSS (L5) to IRNSS (Formula presented.) GPS (L5), from unconstrained to height-constrained and from kinematic to static. Significant improvements in ambiguity resolution and positioning performance are achievable upon integrating L5-data of IRNSS with GPS

Implications of risk conferred by 5p15.33 loci genetic variants; human telomerase reverse transcriptase rs2736098 and rs2736100 in predisposition of bladder cancer

Background: The polymorphic variations of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene play an important role in predisposition to carcinogenesis. The current study aimed to elucidate the genetic predisposition to bladder cancer in two important variants, rs2736098 and rs2736100 of hTERT gene. Materials and methods: Confirmed 130 patients of bladder cancer and 200 healthy controls were genotyped by PCR-RFLP to determine different variants of hTERT rs2736098 and rs2736100. Results: hTERT rs2736098 homozygous variant AA genotype frequency was observed to significantly differ 2-fold between cases and controls (26.15% vs. 13.5%) (p = 0.02). In addition, rare ‘A’ allele significantly differed among two groups (cases: 47% versus controls: 39%: p = 0.03). hTERT rs2736098 was observed to be presented significantly more in high stage tumors (p = 0.02). hTERT rs2736100 genotype AA or variant allele A showed no significant difference between cases and controls. Haplotype CA displayed significantly different pattern of frequency as 0.5 in cases as compared to 0.16 in controls (p < 0.0001). Combination of variant A/G haplotype frequency implicated more in cases than in controls (0.34 vs. 0.16, p = 0.001). Conclusions: It is concluded that hTERT rs2736098 polymorphic variant has a vital role to confer a strong risk to bladder cancer in our population. Further, hTERT haplotypes CA and AG inhTERT could prove to be a promising tool to screen the risk for bladder cancer

Interaction of myelin basic protein with cytoskeletal and signaling proteins in cultured primary oligodendrocytes and N19 oligodendroglial cells

Abstract Background The classic myelin basic protein (MBP) isoforms are intrinsically-disordered proteins of 14–21.5 kDa in size arising from the Golli (Gene in the Oligodendrocyte Lineage) gene complex, and are responsible for formation of the multilayered myelin sheath in the central nervous system. The predominant membrane-associated isoform of MBP is not simply a structural component of compact myelin but is highly post-translationally modified and multi-functional, having interactions with numerous proteins such as Ca2+-calmodulin, and with actin, tubulin, and proteins with SH3-domains, which it can tether to a lipid membrane in vitro. It co-localizes with such proteins in primary oligodendrocytes (OLGs) and in early developmental N19-OLGs transfected with fluorescently-tagged MBP. Results To provide further evidence for MBP associations with these proteins in vivo, we show here that MBP isoforms are co-immunoprecipitated from detergent extracts of primary OLGs together with actin, tubulin, zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), cortactin, and Fyn kinase. We also carry out live-cell imaging of N19-OLGs co-transfected with fluorescent MBP and actin, and show that when actin filaments re-assemble after recovery from cytochalasin D treatment, MBP and actin are rapidly enriched and co-localized at certain sites at the plasma membrane and in newly-formed membrane ruffles. The MBP and actin distributions change similarly with time, suggesting a specific and dynamic association. Conclusions These results provide more direct evidence for association of the predominant 18.5-kDa MBP isoform with these proteins in primary OLGs and in live cells than previously could be inferred from co-localization observations. This study supports further a role for classic MBP isoforms in protein-protein interactions during membrane and cytoskeletal extension and remodeling in OLGs

Prevalence and survival in patients with bladder cancer: a study in high cancer incidence zone

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract caused by the uncontrollable division of cells lining the bladder. The clinicopathological characteristics of BC determine largely the prognosis and aid in the treatment and management of disease. Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze the incidence of BC in our region. Materials and methods: The study prospectively screened all the patients who were diagnosed with BC between 2018 and 2020. Detailed history of 235 patients was taken and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of 137 BC patients was also performed to evaluate any possible association between various clinico-pathological characteristics, with respect to overall survival (OS) and recurrence in terms of disease free survival (DFS). Results: Among BC cases, 78.72% (185) patients were males and 21.27% (50) were females with a male: female ratio of 3.7:1. The frequency of BC was observed to be 36.17% (85) in cases that belonged to the age group of <50 years whereas 63.82% (150) cases belonged to ≥50 years. Of all cases 67.65% (159) patients were active smokers. The pathological characteristics of BC cases included 59.14% (139) cases of low stage (pTa/pT1) versus 40.86% (96) of the high stage (pT2/higher). Moreover, non-smokers, females and patients exhibiting low grade and stage had significant and better OS and DFS than the rest (Log rank P < 0.05). Conclusion: BC remains one of the leading cancers in our region despite absence of many occupational exposures except smoking

Comparison of ultrasonographic anatomy of spine in traditional sitting position versus crossed leg position in term pregnancy: A prospective, observational, crossover study

Background and Aims: The traditional sitting position (TSP) and crossed leg sitting position (CLSP) are positions used for neuraxial anaesthesia. This study compared the interspinous space (ISS) distance using ultrasound assessment of the spine in these positions in parturients in term gestation. Methods: This prospective, observational study involved ultrasonographic spine assessment in 100 parturients in term gestation with them in either TSP or CLSP. The median sagittal view measured the crescent-shaped hyperechoic reflections of the spinous processes and ISSs in L3–L4, L4–L5 and L5–S1 levels. The paramedian sagittal oblique view showed interlaminar spaces (ILSs). Paired t-test and Chi-square test were used for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Results: The ISS distance (cm) increased in CLSP compared to TSP at levels L3–L4 (1.44 [0.34] [1.34–1.54] versus 1.22 [0.30] [1.12–1.32], P = 0.04), L4–L5 (1.34 [0.39] [1.20–1.48] versus 1.14 [0.30] [0.96–1.32], P = 0.01) and L5–S1 (1.28 [0.33] [1.17–1.39] versus 1.18 [0.23] [1.11–1.26], P = 0.02). The ILS distance (cm) increased in CLSP compared to TSP at interspaces L3–L4 (1.27 [0.34] [1.18–1.36] versus 1.12 [0.20] [1.08–1.16], P = 0.001), L4–L5 (1.26 [0.33] [1.17–1.35] versus 1.19 [0.32] [1.12–1.26], P = 0.01) and L5–S1 (1.28 [0.33] [1.18–1.38] versus 1.16 [0.27] [1.09–1.23], P = 0.001). Conclusion: Crossed leg sitting position for neuraxial anaesthesia in term pregnancy results in more widening of both interspinous and interlaminar spaces compared to traditional sitting position