Effective suckling in relation to naked maternal-infant body contact in the first hour of life: an observation study

Background Best practice guidelines to promote breastfeeding suggest that (i) mothers hold their babies in naked body contact immediately after birth, (ii) babies remain undisturbed for at least one hour and (iii) breastfeeding assistance be offered during this period. Few studies have closely observed the implementation of these guidelines in practice. We sought to evaluate these practices on suckling achievement within the first hour after birth. Methods Observations of seventy-eight mother-baby dyads recorded newborn feeding behaviours, the help received by mothers and birthing room practices each minute, for sixty minutes. Results Duration of naked body contact between mothers and their newborn babies varied widely from 1 to 60 minutes, as did commencement of suckling (range = 10 to 60 minutes). Naked maternal-infant body contact immediately after birth, uninterrupted for at least thirty minutes did not predict effective suckling within the first hour of birth. Newborns were four times more likely to sustain deep rhythmical suckling when their chin made contact with their mother’s breast as they approached the nipple (OR 3.8; CI 1.03 - 14) and if their mothers had given birth previously (OR 6.7; CI 1.35 - 33). Infants who had any naso-oropharyngeal suctioning administered at birth were six times less likely to suckle effectively (OR .176; CI .04 - .9). Conclusion Effective suckling within the first hour of life was associated with a collection of practices including infants positioned so their chin can instinctively nudge the underside of their mother’s breast as they approach to grasp the nipple and attach to suckle. The best type of assistance provided in the birthing room that enables newborns to sustain an effective latch was paying attention to newborn feeding behaviours and not administering naso-oropharyngeal suction routinely

Speech Organization of Development Program as Strategic Planning Document

The article is devoted to the study of speech organization of the text of the development program as a strategic planning document. The factors determining features of the text of this genre are revealed. The analysis is carried out from the standpoint of communicative genre approach used in the works of modern researchers. The attempt is made to give a complete characteristics of the text in terms of genre. Parameters caused by both linguistic and extralinguistic factors are taken into account. Basic elements of the genre are described: “communicative purpose,” “image of the author,” “image of the addressee,” “image of the past,” “image of the future,” “dictum contents,” “linguistic embodiment of the genre.” Means of their speech representation in the document of this variety are considered. The analysis of the material at the lexical and grammatical levels reveals the features of the document text. It is established that the function of planning (target setting, forecasting), which is the main for Development Program, determines the updating of genre elements “communicative goal” and “image of the future,” forming a special category of futurality. It is shown that lexical features of journalistic text are present in the texts of development programs. The author explains this feature by the orientation of the document to a wide addressee. The expediency of application of communicative and genre approach to the description of speech organization of documents of strategic planning of other types is shown

Genre Parameters of Strategy as a Document of Long-Term Planning

The article characterizes the role of business communication in modern society and, in particular, the role of strategic planning documents, their impact on the public consciousness. The analysis of the strategy identifies the function of the document, composition and speech peculiarities of the text. The author demonstrates the possibility of using the genre approach to the description of compositecontent structure of the document text and using a model of the speech genre as a linguistic technology of its analysis. Using the example of genre of strategy, the author discusses the features and linguistic means of representing the basic genre elements in the document text. These elements compose the model of speech genre and reflect the interaction of extralinguistic factors and linguistic material: communicative purpose, author's image, addressee's image, image of the past, vision of the future, type of dictum content, linguistic embodiment. It is proved that the communicative purpose, associated with the idea of the document's author, and the image of the future are fundamental components of the genre of strategy. Based on the complex of considered parameters in their interaction, especially their verbal expression, the strategy is defined as the genre of the document of long-term planning, which performs an informative and appellative function; it is noted that wide representation and the variety of language means of expressing the vision of the future in combination with the explicit intentions of the strategy's author determine the futurality of the text

Barrier properties of ALD W_1.55N thin films

W1.5N films grown by ALD from WF6, NH3, C2H4 and SiH4 as precursors were tested as Cu diffusion barriers in p+/n diodes and capacitors with SiO2 as a dielectric. I-V and C-V, C-t characteristics were measured before and after anneal. The layers exhibit excellent barrier properties against both Cu and Al interaction with silicon. No changes of current and capacitance attributed to a barrier failure were observed after annealing at 400°C. Samples without the barrier showed a drastic change of the I-V characteristics. The composition of the films was W1.5N as determined with RBS, being a mixture of WN and W2N phases The RMS- roughness was as low as 0.5-0.7 nm for a film with a thickness of 25 nm.</p

Bacterial Carriage of Pathogenic Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococci Among Conditionally Healthy Infants and Preschool-age Children

Staphylococci are related to opportunistic microorganisms and are part of normal human microflora. However, there are varieties that can cause pyoinflammatory diseases in organisms with weakened immune status. In the event of an inadequate therapeutic approach, they are preserved in the body, and the person becomes a bacterial carrier and a source of dissemination of pathogenic microorganisms. The formation of antibiotic resistance also plays a significant role in the emergence of bacterial carriage. The situation is especially serious in organized children’s groups, where children are in close contact with one another. Thus, the study of the prevalence rate of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic strains of staphylococci in children’s groups is topical and worthy of attention. The purpose of this work is to identify carriers of pathogenic and antibiotic resistant staphylococci isolated from the microflora of the oral cavity of preschool children considered healthy. The results of the research can prove useful in practical healthcare and, particularly, in pediatric practice. Keywords: staphylococci, pathogenic cocci, bacterial carriage, antibiotic resistance, infant morbidity rat

Calcium Signaling Initiated by Agonists in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from the Human Adipose Tissue

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from different sources represent a heterogeneous population of proliferating non-differentiated cells that contain multipotent stem cells capable of originating a variety of mesenchymal cell lineages. By using Ca2+ imaging and the Ca2+ dye Fluo-4, we studied MSCs from the human adipose tissue and examined Ca2+ signaling initiated by a variety of GPCR ligands, focusing primarily on adrenergic and purinergic agonists. Being characterized by a relative change of Fluo-4 fluorescence, agonist-induced Ca2+ responses were generated in an “all-or-nothing” fashion. Specifically, at relatively low doses, agonists elicited undetectable responses but initiated quite similar Ca2+ transients at all concentrations above the threshold. The inhibitory analysis and Ca2+/IP3 uncaging pointed at the phosphoinositide cascade as a pivotal pathway responsible for agonist transduction and implicated Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) in shaping agonists-dependent Ca2+ signals. Altogether, our data suggest that agonist transduction in MSCs includes two fundamentally different stages: an agonist initially triggers a local, gradual, and relatively small Ca2+ signal, which next stimulates CICR to accomplish transduction with a large and global Ca2+ transient. By involving the trigger-like mechanism CICR, a cell is capable of generating Ca2+ responses of virtually universal shape and magnitude at different agonist concentrations above the threshold

Pharmacological correction of L-NAME-induced oxide deficiency with derivatives of 3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazinium) propionate

This paper deals with the study of correction of L-NAME-induced endothelial dysfunction by means of 3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazinium) propionate derivative

Developmental perspectives on interpersonal affective touch

In the last decade, philosophy, neuroscience and psychology alike have paid increasing attention to the study of interpersonal affective touch, which refers to the emotional and motivational facets of tactile sensation. Some aspects of affective touch have been linked to a neurophysiologically specialised system, namely the C tactile (CT) system. While the role of this sys-tem for affiliation, social bonding and communication of emotions have been widely investigated, only recently researchers have started to focus on the potential role of interpersonal affective touch in acquiring awareness of the body as our own, i.e. as belonging to our psychological ‘self’. We review and discuss recent developmental and adult findings, pointing to the central role of interpersonal affective touch in body awareness and social cognition in health and disorders. We propose that interpersonal affective touch, as an interoceptive modality invested of a social nature, can uniquely contribute to the ongoing debate in philosophy about the primacy of the relational nature of the minimal self

Condições pedagógicas para a formação de uma personalidade competitiva de um futuro especialista

The relevance of the presented topic is conditioned by the necessity of formation of harmonious and freely developed personality in training competitive specialists within the framework of professional education. A competitive specialist is not only a competent and highly professional worker, but first, a personality, who cares about his/her health, has high spiritual and moral qualities, skills of non-standard, flexible thinking, ready for continuous professional growth, capable of self-organization and self-improvement. The focus of a vocational institution is to create conditions for students to develop a healthy lifestyle and personal qualities that will ensure their competitiveness in the labor market, as well as to develop a spiritually moral, creative personality that can adapt in today's environment. Proper organization of the process of physical education among students can make a significant contribution to this direction. The study developed and experimentally proved the content of physical education process in secondary vocational education institution, aimed at improving the physical fitness of students. The positive influence of the content of the educational process on the indicators of physical fitness of students in higher education institution has been revealed. The aim of the research was the theoretical justification and experimental confirmation of the effectiveness of the content of physical education process in higher professional education institution for students, aimed at forming a competitive specialist's personality. The study reveals a positive impact of the content of the educational process on the formation of students' personality and physical preparedness indicators of university students. The paper presents the content of the process of physical education in the institution of higher vocational education of students. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of application of the developed content of the process of physical education in institutions of secondary vocational education of students, as well as the use of individual means and methods in other educational institutions.La relevancia del tema presentado está condicionada por la necesidad de formación de una personalidad armónica y libremente desarrollada en la formación de especialistas competitivos en el marco de la formación profesional. Un especialista competitivo no es solo un trabajador competente y altamente profesional, sino primero, una personalidad, que se preocupa por su salud, tiene altas cualidades espirituales y morales, habilidades de pensamiento no estándar, flexible, listo para el crecimiento profesional continuo, capaz de autoorganización y superación personal. El enfoque de una institución vocacional es crear las condiciones para que los estudiantes desarrollen un estilo de vida saludable y cualidades personales que aseguren su competitividad en el mercado laboral, así como para desarrollar una personalidad creativa y espiritualmente moral que pueda adaptarse al entorno actual. La organización adecuada del proceso de educación física entre los estudiantes puede hacer una contribución significativa en esta dirección. El estudio desarrolló y probó experimentalmente el contenido del proceso de educación física en una institución de educación secundaria vocacional, con el objetivo de mejorar la condición física de los estudiantes. Se ha revelado la influencia positiva del contenido del proceso educativo sobre los indicadores de aptitud física de los estudiantes de la institución de educación superior. El objetivo de la investigación fue la justificación teórica y la confirmación experimental de la efectividad del contenido del proceso de educación física en una institución de educación superior profesional para estudiantes, orientada a la formación de una personalidad competitiva de especialista. El estudio revela un impacto positivo del contenido del proceso educativo en la formación de la personalidad de los estudiantes y los indicadores de preparación física de los estudiantes universitarios. El trabajo presenta el contenido del proceso de educación física en la institución de educación vocacional superior de los estudiantes. La importancia práctica del estudio radica en la posibilidad de aplicación del contenido desarrollado del proceso de educación física en instituciones de educación secundaria vocacional de estudiantes, así como en el uso de medios y métodos individuales en otras instituciones educativas.A relevância do tema apresentado está condicionada pela necessidade de formação de uma personalidade harmoniosa e livremente desenvolvida na formação de especialistas competitivos no âmbito da educação profissional. O especialista competitivo não é apenas um trabalhador competente e altamente profissional, mas, antes de mais nada, uma personalidade, que se preocupa com a sua saúde, tem elevadas qualidades espirituais e morais, habilidades de pensamento atípico, flexível, pronto para o crescimento profissional contínuo, capaz de auto-organização e autoaperfeiçoamento. O enfoque de uma instituição profissionalizante é criar condições para que os alunos desenvolvam um estilo de vida saudável e qualidades pessoais que garantam a sua competitividade no mercado de trabalho, bem como desenvolvam uma personalidade espiritualmente moral e criativa que se adapte ao ambiente atual. A organização adequada do processo de educação física entre os alunos pode dar uma contribuição significativa nesse sentido. O estudo desenvolvido comprova experimentalmente o conteúdo do processo de educação física em instituição de ensino médio profissionalizante, visando à melhoria da aptidão física dos alunos. Revelou-se a influência positiva do conteúdo do processo educacional nos indicadores de aptidão física de alunos de instituições de ensino superior. O objetivo da pesquisa foi a justificativa teórica e a confirmação experimental da eficácia do conteúdo do processo de educação física em instituição de ensino profissionalizante superior para estudantes, visando a formação da personalidade de um especialista competitivo. O estudo revela um impacto positivo do conteúdo do processo educacional na formação da personalidade dos alunos e nos indicadores de preparação física dos universitários. O artigo apresenta o conteúdo do processo de educação física na instituição de ensino superior profissional. O significado prático do estudo reside na possibilidade de aplicação dos conteúdos desenvolvidos do processo de educação física em instituições de ensino secundário profissional, bem como na utilização de meios e métodos individuais em outras instituições de ensino