ATLAS pixel detector electronics and sensors

The silicon pixel tracking system for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider is described and the performance requirements are summarized. Detailed descriptions of the pixel detector electronics and the silicon sensors are given. The design, fabrication, assembly and performance of the pixel detector modules are presented. Data obtained from test beams as well as studies using cosmic rays are also discussed

SLHC Upgrade Plans for the ATLAS Pixel Detector

The ATLAS Pixel Detector is an 80 million channels silicon tracking system designed to detect charged tracks and secondary vertices with high precision. An upgrade of the ATLAS Pixel detector is presently being considered. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be upgraded to provide a ten fold increased luminosity leading to increased radiation doses and significantly higher occupancy in the region of the ATLAS Inner Detector and especially in the Pixel Detector. The extreme radiation levels at planed Super Large Hadron Collider (SLHC) lead to a number of specific design challenges for read-out integrated circuits, silicon sensors and optical signal transmission. Options considered for a new detector are discussed, as well as some important R&D activities, such as investigations towards novel detector geometries and novel processes

MCC: the Module Controller Chip for the ATLAS Pixel Detector.

In this article we describe the architecture of the Module Controller Chip for the ATLAS Pixel Detector. The project started in 1997 with the definition of the system specifications. A first fully-working rad-soft prototype was designed in 1998, while a radiation hard version was submitted in 2000. The 1998 version was used to build pixel detector modules. Results from those modules and from the simulated performance in ATLAS are reported. In the article we also describe the hardware/software tools developed to test the MCC performance at the LHC event rate

Analysis of test beam data of ATLAS Pixel Detector production modules with a high intensity pion beam.

Beam tests of ATLAS Pixel Detector production modules were performed with a high intensity pion bion at the SPS H8 test beam facility. Several of the modules had been previously irradiated to the fluence of 10**15 neq/cm2. Data were taken at different beam intensities, up to the value foreseen for the innermost pixel layer at the design LHC luminosity of 10**34/cm2/s. At each intensity, data were taken with different configurations of the front-end chip. This note describes the analysis of the high intensity run of August 2004. The particles trajectories were reconstructed using the pixel detectors under test and the detection efficiency was measured as a function of the beam intensity. With the standard ATLAS b-layer configuration and at the B-layer expected column-pair hit occupancy of 0.17 pixel hits per bunch crossing, the measured readout efficiency is 98 %, which is the same value found at low intensity. Efficiency losses are observed only when the column pair occupancy exceeds 0.24 hits per bunch crossing