The Alboran Sea circulation and its biological response: A review.

The oceanography of the Alboran Sea (AS) has been the subject of intensive research for decades. Chief among the reasons for this interest is the variety of physical processes taking place in the basin, spanning from coastal upwelling, dynamic of density fronts, internal waves, and strong meso- and submesoscale turbulence. Historical fieldwork and an increasing number of numerical studies in recent years have led to a more complete—although more dispersed—description and knowledge of process dynamics in the AS and their role in shaping primary productivity and regional fisheries resources. In this review, we summarize and put together old and new research to get an updated picture of the AS circulation and its variability at different time scales, with an emphasis on physical–biological interactions. As part of the review, we identify gaps in our understanding regarding the physical drivers for seasonal and for rapid transitions between the most recurrent one-gyre and two-gyre modes of circulation of the AS. We also point at possible research strategies based on end-to-end regional biophysical modeling to gain new insights into past and present physical control on fisheries resources and for assessing plausible climate change impacts on the AS ecosystem.IN acknowledges a predoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under the project BLUEMARO (PID2020-116136RB-100). This review has been conducted using E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information. We thank Ana Giráldez and Manuel Hidalgo for providing the historical catches series of anchovy and sardine shown in Figure 9

Ten years of marine current measurements in Espartel Sill, Strait of Gibraltar

Almost ten year of Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) observations collected at the westernmost sill (Espartel sill) of the Strait of Gibraltar by a monitoring station, first installed in year 2004, have been carefully processed to provide the most updated estimation of the outflow of Mediterranean water through the Strait. A comprehensive quality control of the factors affecting the uncertainty of the measurements has been carried out and a great care has been paid to infer the current at the bottom layer, where direct observations are lacking. The mean outflow in the southern channel of the sill section, where the monitoring station is installed, has been estimated as 0.82 Sv (1 Sv = 1x10^6 m^3/s), with an average contribution of the eddy fluxes of 0.04 Sv. This figure is an overestimation, as the vertical profile at the mooring site was assumed valid for the whole section, thus ignoring the lateral friction. On the other hand, it only gives the flow through the south channel and disregards the fraction flowing through shallower north part. Both drawbacks have been addressed by investigating the crossstrait structure of the outflow from hindcasts produced by the MITgcm numerical model, which was run in a highresolution domain covering the Gulf of Cádiz and Alboran Sea basins. An overall rectifying factor of 1.039 was found satisfactory to correct the first estimate, so that the final mean outflow computed from this dataset is 0.85 Sv, which is complemented with an uncertainty of ±0.03 Sv based on the interannual variability of the series. The time analysis of the series shows an outflow seasonality of around the 8% of the mean value, with maximum outflow in early spring.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Dynamics of anchovy and sardine populations in the Canary Current off NW Africa: responses to environmental and climate forcing in a climate-to-fish ecosystem model.

Política de acceso abierto tomada de: https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/id/publication/13942A 50-year-long (1958–2008) historical simulation of a climate-to-fish ecosystem model for anchovy (Eugralis encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardina pilchardus) populations in the upwelling ecosystem off NW Africa is revisited and analyzed. Anchovy and sardine annual adult abundances were correlated at interannual and decadal time scales in the historical run. A three-step analysis method applied unraveled the environmental and life stage-specific drivers underlying the bottom-up mechanisms responsible for the simulated variability in anchovy and sardine populations. Changes in anchovy adult abundance were primarily controlled by larval survival, prey availability, and local upwelling strength, whereas sardine adult abundance was controlled by age-1 growth affecting age-2 fecundity and egg production via prey availability. Despite different diet preferences, the common sensitivity of anchovy and sardine to prey availability had a synchronizing effect on the two populations, with both anchovy and sardine doing better during years of higher plankton biomass and colder ocean temperatures. Analysis of potential links with modes of climate variability showed that anchovy dynamics were more tightly connected to the AMO while sardine dynamics were correlated to the NAO. This difference stemmed from the vulnerability of the anchovy population to enhanced coastal upwelling causing increased larval drift mortality. Finally, based on an earlier, similar modeling study for the Californian anchovy and Pacific sardine, we argue that the relatively warmer habitat off NW Africa compared to the coastal region off central California is a key feature explaining synchronous populations in the Canary Current versus out-of-phase anchovy and sardine cycles in the California Current

Evaluación y planificación preventiva de la Seguridad Vial en las empresas: Evaluación del riesgo de accidente laboral de tráfico en empresas cuya actividad principal no es el transporte

El presente Trabajo Fin de Master, tiene como objetivo desarrollar un método simplificado de Evaluación del Riesgo de Accidente Laboral de Tráfico, in itinere y/o en misión, que pueda formar parte de la evaluación general de riesgos de las empresas cuya actividad principal no sea, ni el transporte de mercancías ni de personas. El método se ajusta a lo establecido en el artículo 4.2 de la LPRL, es decir valora objetiva y conjuntamente la probabilidad de que se produzca un accidente laboral de tráfico y las consecuencias del mismo considerando tanto las características del puesto de trabajo como del trabajador que lo lleve a cab

Neonatal events, such as androgenization and postnatal overfeeding, modify the response to ghrelin

It is currently accepted that ambient, non-genetic factors influence perinatal development and evoke structural and functional changes that may persist throughout life. Overfeeding and androgenization after birth are two of these key factors that could result in "metabolic imprinting" of neuronal circuits early in life and, thereby, increase the body weight homeostatic "set point", stimulate appetite, and result in obesity. Our aim was to determine the influence of these obesogenic factors on the response to ghrelin. We observed the expected orexigenic effect of ghrelin regardless of the nutritional or hormonal manipulations to which the animals were subjected to at early postnatal development and this effect remained intact at later stages of development. In fact, ghrelin responses increased significantly when the animals were subjected to one of the two manipulations, but not when both were combined. An increased response to ghrelin could explain the obese phenotype displayed by individuals with modified perinatal environment.Ministerio de Educacion y CienciaInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIEuropean Community´s Seventh Framework Programm

Ten years of marine current measurements in Espartel Sill, Strait of Gibraltar

More than 10 year of Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler observations collected at the western-most sill (Espartel sill) of the Strait of Gibraltar by a monitoring station have been carefully processed to pro-vide the most updated estimation of the Mediterranean outflow. A comprehensive quality control of thefactors affecting the uncertainty of the measurements has been carried out and great care has been paid toinfer the current at the bottom layer, where direct observations are lacking. The mean outflow in the south-ern channel of the sill section has been estimated as 20.82 Sv (1 Sv 5 1 3 10 6 m3 s21 ), with an average con-tribution of the eddy fluxes of 20.04 Sv. This figure is an overestimation, as the mooring measurements,assumed valid for the whole section, ignore the lateral friction. On the other hand, it only gives the flowthrough the southern channel and disregards the fraction flowing through shallower northern part. Bothdrawbacks have been addressed by investigating the cross-strait structure of the outflow from hindcastsproduced by the MITgcm numerical model, run in a high-resolution domain covering the Gulf of C adiz andAlboran Sea basins. An overall rectifying factor of 1.039 was found satisfactory to correct the first estimate,so that the final mean outflow computed from this data set is 20.85 Sv, complemented with an uncertaintyof 60.03 Sv based on the interannual variability of the series. The temporal analysis of the series shows anoutflow seasonality of around the 8% of the mean value, with maximum outflow in early spring

Modelling the effect of the tidal cycle on the high phytoplankton biomass area of Cape Trafalgar (SW Iberian Peninsula)

Physical–biological interactions in the ocean are known to be crucial for understanding ecosystem processes. In this study, we examine the influence of the tide-topography interaction on the high productivity area of Cape Trafalgar using a high-resolution ocean circulation model coupled to an ecosystem model. The obtained results highlight the relevance of the tidal cycle explaining the high phytoplankton biomass that characterises this region through an active and periodic forcing, resulting in a pulsating upwelling system. Our model shows that the interaction of the westward zonal component of the tidal current (uvel) with the submarine ridge that characterises this region, which is perpendicular to the coast, results in the pumping of deep, cold, salty, and nutrient-rich waters to the well-illuminated subsurface waters, fuelling phytoplankton growth. At the same time, the interaction of the westward tidal current with the ridge leads to the development of a cyclonic eddy, which enables the redistribution of the upwelled waters over and to the east of Barbate High. The fortnightly tidal period has been identified as the most influential because (an effective) tidal-pumping process only takes place when the westward uvel is ∼ 0.42 m s−1, a condition attained between ∼ 3 days before and after the moment of maximum tidal flow during spring tides. Simultaneously, the energy and the associated horizontal and vertical mixing of the cyclonic gyre also vary with the tidal cycle, being stronger during spring tides. Both tidally driven processes, i.e., the cyclical upslope advection of deep nutrient-rich water and the influence of the cyclonic gyre, are the main mechanisms that lead to the development of a persistent phytoplankton-rich tongue over Barbate High. Consequently, Cape Trafalgar acts as a source of nutrient- and phytoplankton-rich waters to the surrounding waters

Recent thermohaline trends of the Atlantic waters inflowing to the Mediterranean Sea.

Política de acceso abierto tomada de: https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/id/publication/27333 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/19448007A total of 5077 Argo float profiles in the period 01/2002-05/2010 have been used to analyze salinity and temperature trends in the Atlantic waters adjacent to the Strait of Gibraltar in order to identify the source of recent changes observed in the inflow to the Mediterranean Sea. Positive salinity trends of 0.038 +/- 0.009 psu/year and 0.013 +/- 0.003 psu/year have been found for the Surface Atlantic Water and the Eastern North Atlantic Central Water, respectively. For temperature, no significant trend is observed in the surface layer while positive trend of 0.05 +/- 0.02 °C/year is obtained for the thermocline waters. The Mediterranean Water layer does not show any significant trend for the entire period, but a switch from positive to negative trends is observed in year 2006. In contrast to previous findings, these thermohaline variations are driven by intrinsic water masses changes, instead of isopycnal vertical displacements, proba- bly related to an enhancement of the net freshwater losses in the area.Este trabajo llevó a cabo en el marco del proyecto P07-RNM-02938, financiado con fondos de la Junta de Andalucía. También se contó con el apoyo parcial de los proyectos del plan nacional CTM2006-02326/MAR (INGRES 2) y CTM2009-05810-E