La construcción pública de época romana en Hispania y el Norte de África: agentes, procesos y costes económicos

[ES]La construcción pública de época romana en áreas urbanas ha sido ampliamente analizada desde inicios del s. XX, desde un punto de vista regional o local, a través de enfoques muy concretos, como la evolución formal y estilística de aspectos puramente arquitectónicos o, por ejemplo, el perfil social y político de sus financiadores, adquiriendo el evergetismo una especial relevancia. En cambio, los procesos administrativos vinculados a la consecución de un proyecto edilicio han sido poco tratados. Los trabajos se han centrado principalmente en las distintas fases que debían cumplirse durante una intervención financiada por el tesoro local de las ciudades de provincia. La presente tesis doctoral analiza, principalmente, 365 inscripciones que aluden a la intervención explícita de agentes administrativos o bien registran el coste de un proyecto edilicio público. De ellas, 274 hacen referencia a la primera cuestión, mientras que 116 aluden a la segunda. Se distribuyen entre el s. I a.C. y el 284 d. C., el primer año del reinado de Diocleciano, y se adscriben a las provincias hispanas – Citerior, Baetica y Lusitania– o norteafricanas –Proconsularis, Numidia, Mauretania Caesariensis y Tingitana–. Los tituli han sido analizados exhaustivamente, atendiendo tanto a su contenido como al contexto arqueológico de su hallazgo. Se han estudiado detalladamente los términos que registra cada inscripción, con el fin de evaluar su ambigüedad y rastrear las actividades precisas de los actores administrativos involucrados. Todo ello, se fundamenta en la definición de una serie de indicadores que nos permiten identificar el origen de la iniciativa y de la financiación de cada proyecto. Completamos el análisis con los datos procedentes de las fuentes literarias y de los restos arqueológicos de las estructuras referenciadas en los epígrafes. Tenemos dos objetivos principales. El primero es reconstruir el proceso administrativo a seguir en la consecución de un proyecto edilicio de época romana. Para ello, no nos centramos únicamente en los financiados por el tesoro local de las ciudades de provincia, sino que analizamos las variantes motivadas por el origen de la iniciativa y de la financiación, dos conceptos tradicionalmente tratados como sinónimos. También rastreamos el grado de involucramiento de cada agente, las posibles variantes geográficas y cronológicas y los mecanismos de colaboración entre las distintas esferas. El segundo objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es evaluar el coste económico de una obra pública. Para ello, abordamos el contexto en el que se reseñó el monto de los edificios y estimamos su alcance real. Hemos valorado la devaluación de la moneda y contextualizado la cuantía con los restos de las infraestructuras identificadas arqueológicamente. Finalmente, estimamos el coste de un proyecto edilicio, el Templo B de Thugga –Dougga, Túnez–, conocido a partir de la epigrafía. Aplicamos una metodología, en boga desde finales del s. XX, basada en el análisis de los restos arqueológicos conservados. El resultado obtenido es coincidente con la información aportada por los tituli, revelándose así como una excelente herramienta para aproximarnos al coste de estos edificios y contrastar los datos reseñados en las inscripciones. [EN]Since the beginning of the 20th century, Roman public construction in urban areas has been widely analysed from a regional or local point of view and through very specific approaches, such as the formal and stylistic evolution of architectural aspects or, for example, the social and political profile of its financiers, with evergetism acquiring a special relevance. On the other hand, the administrative processes linked to the execution of a construction project have been poorly dealt with. These studies were mainly focused on the different phases that had to be completed during an intervention financed by the local treasury of the provincial towns. This PhD dissertation analyses 365 inscriptions that refer to the explicit intervention of administrative agents or record the cost of a public construction project. Of these, 274 refer to the former, while 116 refer to the latter. They are distributed between the 1st century BC and 284 AD, the first year of Diocletian's reign, and are assigned to the Hispanic -Citerior, Baetica and Lusitania- or North African provinces -Proconsularis, Numidia, Mauretania Caesariensis and Tingitana-. Tituli have been exhaustively analysed, both in terms of their content and the archaeological context in which they were found. The terms recorded in each inscription have been studied in detail to assess their ambiguity and to trace the precise activities of the administrative actors involved. All this has allowed us to define a series of indicators to identify the origin of the initiative and the financing of each project. The data from literary sources and the archaeological remains of the structures referenced in the epigraphy complete the analysis. We have two main objectives. The first is to reconstruct the administrative process involved in achieving a building project in Roman times. To do so, we focus on the projects funded by the local treasury of the provincial cities and analyse the variants motivated by the initiative's and funding's origin, two concepts traditionally treated as synonyms. The degree of involvement of each agent, the possible geographical and chronological variants and the mechanisms of collaboration between the different spheres are also traced. The second objective of this doctoral thesis is to evaluate the economic cost of a public work. To this end, we analysed the context in which the cost of the buildings was recorded and estimated their real scope. We also valued the devaluation of the currency and compared the amount with the remains of the infrastructures identified archaeologically. Finally, we estimate the cost of Temple B of Thugga -Dougga, Tunisia-, known from epigraphy. A methodology in vogue since the end of the 20th century based on the analysis of the preserved archaeological remains was applied. The result obtained coincides with the information provided by the tituli, thus proving to be an excellent tool for approaching the cost of these buildings and contrasting the epigraphic data

Stele of Alionus. Unpublished inscription from Rabanales de Aliste (Zamora)

El municipio de Rabanales de Aliste, localizado al noroeste de la provincia de Zamora, acoge un buen número de inscripciones, principalmente estelas funerarias, que han sido objeto de estudio desde comienzos del siglo XX por diferentes investigadores. Aunque muchas de ellas han sido reutilizadas con posterioridad en paredes de casas o en la iglesia del municipio, las recientes excavaciones arqueológicas apuntan a su posible vinculación con el yacimiento de El Castrico, ocupado durante la segunda mitad del siglo I d. C. y la primera del II d. C. En este trabajo se analiza una estela funeraria inédita descubierta en 2021 empotrada en el interior de la iglesia de El Salvador, concretamente en el acceso a la base del campanario desde la nave central, que servía como sillar del dintel del vano de la puerta. Gracias al uso de técnicas novedosas como la fotogrametría digital y aplicación de análisis con SIG se ha podido leer correctamente la inscripción y descartar de la lectura algunas marcas, provocadas por las sucesivas alteraciones del bloque tras su reutilización. De esta manera, podemos minimizar el riesgo de interpretar erróneamente caracteres inexistentes en la pieza. A pesar de tratarse de una inscripción sencilla de tipo funerario, su análisis ha permitido dar a conocer la primera atestiguación del antropónimo Caraucus en el Imperio, de clara tradición celta, así como una posible relación de parentesco del tipo abuelo-padre-hijo, pudiendo completar la ascendencia familiar de otro personaje mencionado en el corpus epigráfico de Rabanales: Potitus, hijo de Alionus y nieto de Caraucus.The municipality of Rabanales de Aliste, located in the northwest of the province of Zamora, is home to a large number of inscriptions, mainly funerary stelae, which have been the focus of study since the beginning of the 20th century by various researchers. Although all of them have subsequently been reused in the wall structures of houses or in the local church, recent archaeological excavations point to their possible link with the site of El Castrico, occupied during the second half of the 1st century AD and the first half of the 2nd century AD. This paper analyses an unpublished funerary stele discovered in 2021 embedded in the interior of the church of El Salvador, specifically in the access to the base of the bell tower from the central nave, which served as an ashlar for the lintel of the doorway. Thanks to the use of innovative techniques such as digital photogrammetry and the application of GIS analysis, it has been possible to read the inscription correctly and to discard some marks caused by successive alterations to the block after its reuse. In this way, we can minimise the risk of misinterpreting non-existent characters on the part. Despite being a simple funerary inscription, its analysis has revealed the first evidence of the anthroponym Caraucus in the Roman Empire, of clear Celtic tradition, as well as a possible grandfather-father-son relationship, thus completing the family ancestry of another character mentioned in the epigraphic corpus of Rabanales: Potitus, son of Alionus and grandson of Caraucus.El presente trabajo se ha realizado en el marco del proyecto Tituli Zoelarum, galardonado por la International Digital Epigraphy Association (IDEA) en la convocatoria Small Grants 2023

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Healthcare workers hospitalized due to COVID-19 have no higher risk of death than general population. Data from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

Aim To determine whether healthcare workers (HCW) hospitalized in Spain due to COVID-19 have a worse prognosis than non-healthcare workers (NHCW). Methods Observational cohort study based on the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, a nationwide registry that collects sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data on patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Spain. Patients aged 20-65 years were selected. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with mortality. Results As of 22 May 2020, 4393 patients were included, of whom 419 (9.5%) were HCW. Median (interquartile range) age of HCW was 52 (15) years and 62.4% were women. Prevalence of comorbidities and severe radiological findings upon admission were less frequent in HCW. There were no difference in need of respiratory support and admission to intensive care unit, but occurrence of sepsis and in-hospital mortality was lower in HCW (1.7% vs. 3.9%; p = 0.024 and 0.7% vs. 4.8%; p<0.001 respectively). Age, male sex and comorbidity, were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality and healthcare working with lower mortality (OR 0.211, 95%CI 0.067-0.667, p = 0.008). 30-days survival was higher in HCW (0.968 vs. 0.851 p<0.001). Conclusions Hospitalized COVID-19 HCW had fewer comorbidities and a better prognosis than NHCW. Our results suggest that professional exposure to COVID-19 in HCW does not carry more clinical severity nor mortality

Famílies botàniques de plantes medicinals

Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Ensenyament: Grau de Farmàcia, Assignatura: Botànica Farmacèutica, Curs: 2013-2014, Coordinadors: Joan Simon, Cèsar Blanché i Maria Bosch.Els materials que aquí es presenten són els recull de 175 treballs d’una família botànica d’interès medicinal realitzats de manera individual. Els treballs han estat realitzat per la totalitat dels estudiants dels grups M-2 i M-3 de l’assignatura Botànica Farmacèutica durant els mesos d’abril i maig del curs 2013-14. Tots els treballs s’han dut a terme a través de la plataforma de GoogleDocs i han estat tutoritzats pel professor de l’assignatura i revisats i finalment co-avaluats entre els propis estudiants. L’objectiu principal de l’activitat ha estat fomentar l’aprenentatge autònom i col·laboratiu en Botànica farmacèutica