Deísmo y filosofía natural en el pensamiento de Alejandro Malaspina

This paper focuses on Alejandro Malaspina´s philosophical, anthropological and religious thought, as presented in his most complex and personal book, the Philosophical Meditation on Beauty in Nature. Despite having remained largely ignored by Malaspina’s historiography, this work —written after his scientific voyage around the world, during his imprisonment on the islet of San Antón between 1797 and 1803— stands out not only as the greatest source of information about Malaspina´s broad culture and heterodox philosophical, anthropological and theological positions, but as one of the most explicit philosophical defences of Deism in the context of the Spanish Enlightenment.Este trabajo analiza algunos de los rasgos más sobresalientes y desconocidos del pensamiento filosófico, antropológico y religioso que Alejandro Malaspina expuso en sus últimos años, a la luz de su obra más compleja y personal, la Meditación filosófica sobre lo bello en la naturaleza, escrita durante su presidio en el islote de San Antón entre 1797 y 1803. A pesar de haber permanecido en buena parte ignorada por la historiografía malaspiniana, la Meditación filosófica de Malaspina destaca no solo por constituir la mayor fuente de información sobre la amplísima cultura y sobre las heterodoxas posiciones filosóficas, antropológicas y teológicas del Malaspina maduro, sino también por ser una de las más explícitas defensas filosóficas del deísmo en el ámbito de la Ilustración española

De las tertulias a la conspiración: la disputa por la belleza y las amistades peligrosas de Alejandro Malaspina en Madrid

This article reviews the period spent by Malaspina in Madrid after his “voyage around the world”, until his arrest in November 1795. Exploring sources hitherto ignored by Malaspinian historiography, the article focuses on Malaspina’s participation in a literary dispute which took place in the Diario de Madrid, where he published under pseudonym four philosophical letters on Beauty. These letters constitute the direct antecedent of his Meditation on Beauty, his most personal work, written in prison after his arrest. Lastly, the paper analyses Malaspina’s relationship with his neighbour in Madrid, Fernanda O’Connock, Marchioness of Matallana, a woman linked to the political opposition to Manuel Godoy and an outstanding conspirator agent against the Prime Minister, who very possibly played a much more active role than previously recognised in the so-called “Malaspina conspiracy”.Este artículo revisa el periodo transcurrido por Malaspina en Madrid tras su “viaje alrededor del mundo”, hasta su detención en noviembre de 1795. A la luz de fuentes hasta ahora ignoradas por la historiografía malaspiniana, se analiza la participación de Malaspina en una disputa literaria en el Diario de Madrid, donde llegó a publicar bajo seudónimo cuatro cartas filosóficas sobre la belleza que constituyen un antecedente directo de su Meditación filosófica, su obra más personal, escrita en presidio tras su arresto. Por último, se analiza la relación de Malaspina con su vecina madrileña Fernanda O’Connock, marquesa de Matallana, mujer vinculada a la oposición política a Godoy y destacada agente conspiradora contra el primer ministro en dicho periodo, quien muy posiblemente tuvo un papel mucho más activo de lo que hasta ahora se le había reconocido en la conspiración Malaspina

La racionalidad delirante: el racismo científico en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX.

Una crítica epistemológica a la idea neopositivista de ‘racionalidad científica’ a partir de un análisis del racismo implícito en los conceptos científicos ortodoxos sobre la diversidad biológica humana durante el periodo de aceptación de las tesis darwinistas sobre el origen evolutivo de nuestra especie

Las ciencias y las razas en Brasil hacia 1900

This paper attempts to provide a general overview about the way in which Brazilian medicine and physical anthropology gave a naturalistic approach to the idea of race and to the «problem» posed by the mixture of races in the country during the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, coinciding with the introduction of evolutionism in Brazil.El presente artículo trata de mostrar una visión panorámica sobre el modo en que la medicina y la antropología física brasileñas trataron la cuestión de las «razas» y el mestizaje durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX, a la vez que los principios evolucionistas pasaban a ser aceptados por la ciencia nacional

História das ciências e relações étnico-raciais no ensino de evolução humana

Buscando consolidar uma abordagem histórica e antirracista na educação científica a partir da pesquisa em design educacional, apresentamos parte da estrutura teórica pela qual pretendemos subsidiar a sistematização de princípios de planejamento projetados como base para a construção de protótipos didáticos a serem aplicados no ensino de evolução humana, incluindo alguns casos pertencentes à história do racismo científico e do pensamento evolutivo. Nosso trabalho tem a intenção de contribuir com a formação de educandos(as) capazes de usar o conhecimento histórico, científico e evolutivo para agir de forma consciente e tomar decisões responsáveis acerca dos desafios e contradições inerentes às relações étnico-raciais

Laparoscopic vs. Open Approach in Emergent Inguinal Hernia: Our Experience and Review of Literature

There is currently no consensus or homogeneous recommendation about the role of the laparoscopic approach in emergent inguinal hernia surgery. The aim of this manuscript is showing our experience and results of laparoscopic approach for emergent groin hernia repair comparing with open approach. A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database between January 2011 and December 2021 of acute incarcerated groin hernia that were operated at Virgen del Rocio University Hospital. In this period, they were identified 463 patients with groin hernia that required an emergency repair. 454 patients underwent open surgery (group 1) and 36 patients underwent laparoscopic approach (TAPP procedure) (group 2). Median length stay was 1 day in lap group and 2 days in open approach. Reintervention was necessary in 20 cases (4.40%) from group 1 and one (2.27%) from group 2. In laparoscopic approach, no mortality was described but in open approach, 10 patients (2.20%) died. Globally, 58 cases (12.77%) from group 1 and six patients (16.66%) from group 2 presented any complication. Wound infection was higher in group of open repairs (5.94% vs. 2.77%). Non-surgical complications were higher in open approach (19 vs. 0). There is no statistical significance in any of these items. Laparoscopic approach is a safe, feasible and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of incarcerated groin hernia that require emergency surgery, but prospective and randomized comparative studies are needed to establish the best approach