Água E Saúde No Município De Igarapé-açu, Pará

This article aims to analyze and understand the relationship between water and health in rural communities located in the watershed of Cumaru stream, in the municipality Igarapé-Açu, North-east of Pará state. The harvesting and treatment of the water conducted by the rural population for human consumption were assessed, considering their practices of sanitary sewer, since these aspects have direct impact on their health. This study is based on field research with a quantitative approach. Closed questionnaire was used to raise the sources of water harvesting, rural sanitation, and use of agricultural inputs. We used participant observation, when focusing on the functioning of the agricultural establishment, to observe from various angles the relationship between water and health. We noted that the vulnerability of the water resources accessed by the population is a factor that contributes to the contamination of the sources, therefore a threat to the health of the rural population. However, the perception of the population is notable regarding deeper water sources, such as tube wells, which are priorities for water harvesting. © 2016, UNIV SAOPAULO. All rights reserved.2541095110

Immirzi Ambiguity in the Kinematics of Quantum General Relativity

The Immirzi ambiguity arises in loop quantum gravity when geometric operators are represented in terms of different connections that are related by means of an extended Wick transform. We analyze the action of this transform in gravity coupled with matter fields and discuss its analogy with the Wick rotation on which the Thiemann transform between Euclidean and Lorentzian gravity is based. In addition, we prove that the effect of this extended Wick transform is equivalent to a constant scale transformation as far as the symplectic structure and kinematical constraints are concerned. This equivalence is broken in the dynamical evolution. Our results are applied to the discussion of the black hole entropy in the limit of large horizon areas. We first argue that, since the entropy calculation is performed for horizons of fixed constant area, one might in principle choose an Immirzi parameter that depends on this quantity. This would spoil the linearity with the area in the entropy formula. We then show that the Immirzi parameter appears as a constant scaling in all the steps where dynamical information plays a relevant role in the entropy calculation. This fact, together with the kinematical equivalence of the Immirzi ambiguity with a change of scale, is used to preclude the potential non-linearity of the entropy on physical grounds.Comment: very minor stylistic changes, version published in Phys. Rev.

Nariai, Bertotti-Robinson and anti-Nariai solutions in higher dimensions

We find all the higher dimensional solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell theory that are the topological product of two manifolds of constant curvature. These solutions include the higher dimensional Nariai, Bertotti-Robinson and anti-Nariai solutions, and the anti-de Sitter Bertotti-Robinson solutions with toroidal and hyperbolic topology (Plebanski-Hacyan solutions). We give explicit results for any dimension D>3. These solutions are generated from the appropriate extremal limits of the higher dimensional near-extreme black holes in a de Sitter, and anti-de Sitter backgrounds. Thus, we also find the mass and the charge parameters of the higher dimensional extreme black holes as a function of the radius of the degenerate horizon.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures, RevTeX4. References added. Published versio

Consenso para la mejora de la atención integral de los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca aguda

El último consenso sobre insuficiencia cardíaca aguda de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología, la Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna y la Sociedad Española de Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias se elaboró en 2015, por lo que era necesaria una actualización para revisar las diversas novedades relacionadas con la temática de insuficiencia cardíaca aguda que han ido apareciendo los últimos años. Entre ellas están la publicación de las nuevas guías europeas sobre insuficiencia cardíaca en el 2016, nuevos estudios sobre el manejo farmacológico de los pacientes durante la hospitalización y novedades sobre diversos aspectos relacionados con la insuficiencia cardíaca aguda, tales como el abordaje precoz, terapia intermitente, insuficiencia cardíaca avanzada y congestión refractaria. Por ello, este consenso se elaboró con la intención de actualizar todos los aspectos relacionados con la insuficiencia cardíaca aguda y proporcionar un documento que detallase de manera completa el diagnóstico, tratamiento y manejo de esta enfermedad. The latest acute heart failure consensus document from the Spanish Society of Cardiology, Spanish Society of Internal Medicine, and Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine was published in 2015, which made an update covering the main novelties regarding acute heart failure from the last few years necessary. These include publication of updated European guidelines on heart failure in 2016, new studies on the pharmacological treatment of patients during hospitalization, and other recent developments regarding acute heart failure such as early treatment, intermittent treatment, advanced heart failure, and refractory congestion. This consensus document was drafted with the aim of updating all aspects related to acute heart failure and to create a document that comprehensively describes the diagnosis, treatment, and management of this disease