Validation of Finite Element Modelling of Multielectrode Capacitive System for Process Tomography Flow Imaging

Finite element modelling of process tomography sensor systems is necessary for their CAD both for performance evaluation and design optimization. This paper involves the validation of finite element models of a 12-electrode capacitive sensor system for multiphase flow imaging. Various results of modelling have been compared in the form of standing mode capacitances and sensor sensitivity distribution with experimental data obtained from UMIST. There is good agreement between simulation results and experiments especially for high sensitivity regions inside the pipe

Real-time cross-layer design for large-scale flood detection and attack trace-back mechanism in IEEE 802.11 wireless mesh networks

IEEE 802.11 WMN is an emerging next generation low-cost multi-hop wireless broadband provisioning technology. It has the capability of integrating wired and wireless networks such as LANs, IEEE 802.11 WLANs, IEEE 802.16 WMANs, and sensor networks. This kind of integration: large-scale coverage, decentralised and multi-hop architecture, multi-radios, multi-channel assignments, ad hoc connectivity support the maximum freedom of users to join or leave the network from anywhere and at anytime has made the situation far more complex. As a result broadband resources are exposed to various kinds of security attacks, particularly DoS attacks

Finite element modelling of electrostatic fields in process tomography capacitive electrode systems for flow response evaluation

Various aspects and results of 2-D finite element (FE) modeling of electrostatic fields in 12-electrode capacitive systems for two-phase flow imaging are described. The capacitive technique relies on changes in capacitances between electrodes (mounted on the outer surface of the flow pipe) due to the change in permittivities of flow components. The measured capacitances between various electrode pairs and the field computation data are used to reconstruct the cross sectional image of the flow components. FE modeling of the electric field is necessary to optimize design variables and evaluate the system response to various flow regimes, likely to be encountered in practice. Results are presented in terms of normalized capacitances for various flow regimes. The effects of key geometric parameters of the electrode system are presented and analyzed

India-Pakistan Trade: A Roadmap for Enhancing Economic Relations

Periodic heightened political tensions between India and Pakistan have derailed attempts to improve economic ties and trade relations between the two countries. India-Pakistan trade is unnaturally small, currently about $2 billion per year. Pakistan accounts for less than 1 percent of India's trade, and India accounts for less than 5 percent of Pakistan's trade. Constraints include high tariff and nontarrif barriers, inadequate infrastructure, bureaucratic inertia, excessive red tape, and direct political opposition. Khan recommends that President Asif Ali Zardari and Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, who had their first post-Mumbai attacks meeting on June 16, and are slated to meet again in Egypt in July, should pick up from where former President Pervez Musharraf and Prime Minister Singh left off in their meeting in New Delhi in April 2005. The two governments could start with implementing short-term measures mainly to facilitate trade--such as easing restrictions on visas, opening additional border crossings and road routes, and increasing air links--many of which have already been agreed in principle at the April 2005 Musharraf-Singh meeting. The success of these "confidence building" short-term measures and the resulting growth in trade would encourage the creation of constituencies that would support more far-reaching liberalization of trade between the two countries. Over the medium to long term, Pakistan should grant most favored nation (MFN) status to India, which India already provides to Pakistan, and allow transit trade from India; India should significantly lower tariff rates for goods of particular interest to Pakistan (e.g., textiles) and remove nontariff barriers; and both countries should facilitate trade in energy, information technology, and services, remove obstacles to foreign direct investment flows, and harmonize customs procedures. Improving economic ties may help to resolve the larger political issues that have bedeviled India-Pakistan overall relations for over 60 years.

Human Capital and Economic Growth in Pakistan

Pakistan’s economy has grown faster on average than many other low- and middleincome countries over the past two decades. But several countries in Southeast Asia have fared even better. This paper focuses on factors that explain Pakistan’s relative growth performance. In addition to more traditional factors believed to determine growth, this paper looks particularly at the role of differences in the quality of human capital. The cross-country empirical results suggest that accumulation of physical capital and improvements in the quality of institutions have the largest pay-offs in terms of achieving higher growth, but that better education and health care also have a significant impact. Investment in these areas will increase the possibility of Pakistan entering a virtuous cycle of high growth and improved living conditions for the population.