45 research outputs found
Charge and Current Sum Rules in Quantum Media Coupled to Radiation
This paper concerns the equilibrium bulk charge and current density
correlation functions in quantum media, conductors and dielectrics, fully
coupled to the radiation (the retarded regime). A sequence of static and
time-dependent sum rules, which fix the values of certain moments of the charge
and current density correlation functions, is obtained by using Rytov's
fluctuational electrodynamics. A technique is developed to extract the
classical and purely quantum-mechanical parts of these sum rules. The sum rules
are critically tested in the classical limit and on the jellium model. A
comparison is made with microscopic approaches to systems of particles
interacting through Coulomb forces only (the non-retarded regime). In contrast
with microscopic results, the current-current correlation function is found to
be integrable in space, in both classical and quantum regimes.Comment: 19 pages, 1 figur
Nonuniversal correlations in multiple scattering
We show that intensity of a wave created by a source embedded inside a
three-dimensional disordered medium exhibits a non-universal space-time
correlation which depends explicitly on the short-distance properties of
disorder, source size, and dynamics of disorder in the immediate neighborhood
of the source. This correlation has an infinite spatial range and is
long-ranged in time. We suggest that a technique of "diffuse microscopy" might
be developed employing spatially-selective sensitivity of the considered
correlation to the disorder properties.Comment: 15 pages, 3 postscript figures, accepted to Phys. Rev.
Gravitational Faraday rotation in a weak gravitational field
We examine the rotation of the plane of polarization for linearly polarized
light rays by the weak gravitational field of an isolated physical system.
Based on the rotation of inertial frames, we review the general integral
expression for the net rotation. We apply this formula, analogue to the usual
electromagnetic Faraday effect, to some interesting astrophysical systems:
uniformly shifting mass monopoles and a spinning external shell.Comment: 10 pages; accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Electromagnetic field correlations near a surface with a nonlocal optical response
The coherence length of the thermal electromagnetic field near a planar
surface has a minimum value related to the nonlocal dielectric response of the
material. We perform two model calculations of the electric energy density and
the field's degree of spatial coherence. Above a polar crystal, the lattice
constant gives the minimum coherence length. It also gives the upper limit to
the near field energy density, cutting off its divergence. Near an
electron plasma described by the semiclassical Lindhard dielectric function,
the corresponding length scale is fixed by plasma screening to the Thomas-Fermi
length. The electron mean free path, however, sets a larger scale where
significant deviations from the local description are visible.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figure files (.eps), \documentclass[global]{svjour},
accepted in special issue "Optics on the Nanoscale" (Applied Physics B, eds.
V. Shalaev and F. Tr\"ager
Thermal correction to the Casimir force, radiative heat transfer, and an experiment
The low-temperature asymptotic expressions for the Casimir interaction
between two real metals described by Leontovich surface impedance are obtained
in the framework of thermal quantum field theory. It is shown that the Casimir
entropy computed using the impedance of infrared optics vanishes in the limit
of zero temperature. By contrast, the Casimir entropy computed using the
impedance of the Drude model attains at zero temperature a positive value which
depends on the parameters of a system, i.e., the Nernst heat theorem is
violated. Thus, the impedance of infrared optics withstands the thermodynamic
test, whereas the impedance of the Drude model does not. We also perform a
phenomenological analysis of the thermal Casimir force and of the radiative
heat transfer through a vacuum gap between real metal plates. The
characterization of a metal by means of the Leontovich impedance of the Drude
model is shown to be inconsistent with experiment at separations of a few
hundred nanometers. A modification of the impedance of infrared optics is
suggested taking into account relaxation processes. The power of radiative heat
transfer predicted from this impedance is several times less than previous
predictions due to different contributions from the transverse electric
evanescent waves. The physical meaning of low frequencies in the Lifshitz
formula is discussed. It is concluded that new measurements of radiative heat
transfer are required to find out the adequate description of a metal in the
theory of electromagnetic fluctuations.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures. svjour.cls is used, to appear in Eur. Phys. J.
Temporal fluctuations of waves in weakly nonlinear disordered media
We consider the multiple scattering of a scalar wave in a disordered medium
with a weak nonlinearity of Kerr type. The perturbation theory, developed to
calculate the temporal autocorrelation function of scattered wave, fails at
short correlation times. A self-consistent calculation shows that for
nonlinearities exceeding a certain threshold value, the multiple-scattering
speckle pattern becomes unstable and exhibits spontaneous fluctuations even in
the absence of scatterer motion. The instability is due to a distributed
feedback in the system "coherent wave + nonlinear disordered medium". The
feedback is provided by the multiple scattering. The development of instability
is independent of the sign of nonlinearity.Comment: RevTeX, 15 pages (including 5 figures), accepted for publication in
Phys. Rev.