The Vital Function of Motivation and Attitude in Learning English as a Foreign language in the Moroccan University

Most academic researchers argued that learning English necessitates a number of components to effectively enhance the learning process. The major components that are highly demanding are mainly motivation and attitude. This study aims to check upon the significant role of the previously mentioned components in learning English as a foreign language and to check whether motivation and attitude are highly required for an efficient learning process. For the data collection procedure, a google form questionnaire was designed and distributed to respondents through the social media applications, such as WhatsApp, Facebook and Messenger too. The respondents of this study are Moroccan university students affiliated to Moulay Ismail University in Meknes in Morocco, more precisely the Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences as well as the Faculty of Sciences in Meknes in Morocco. For the research outcomes of the study, respondents were aware about the requirement of enhancing their level in English. They held an encouraging attitude towards the language. They illustrated that they have become tolerant and open-minded in their process of learning. They also assumed that English is a global language and they are studying it for various reasons, such as passing exams successfully, delivering talks and publishing articles in internationally indexed journals, and settling in a foreign country whose English is the mother tongue of its native speakers. Consequently, they are adopting intrinsic/extrinsic and instrumental/integrative motivation clusters. Likewise, they argued that they ought to practice the language inside and outside the classroom setting to become fluent in English; otherwise, it will be hard for them to achieve an excellent level in the learning process. At last, it can be deduced that students’ motivation and positive attitude are tremendously relevant for an effective learning process of a foreign language

On the Statistical Properties of Selection Combining Cooperative Diversity over Double Rice Fading Channels

Abstract-This paper investigates the statistical properties of selection combining (SC) cooperative diversity over double Rice narrow-band fading channels under the transparent or amplifyand-forward (AF) strategy. It is assumed that the source, the destination, and relay stations are all equipped with single antenna. The Doppler power spectral density, associated with each of the double Rice fading processes, is considered to be symmetrical about the carrier frequency. Under the above conditions, analytical integral expressions are derived for the probability density function (PDF) and the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the SC fading envelopes. Also, expressions for the level crossing rate (LCR) as well as the average duration of fades (ADF) are determined. For some cases, the integral expressions are shown to be approximated using the Laplace's method of integration. The approximations are verified to be accurate when the number of relay stations is large. The obtained results include those corresponding to the double Rayleigh and combined Rayleigh×Rice models as special cases of the double Rice fading channel. The validity of all the presented theoretical results are checked by computer simulations. Index Terms-Double Rice fading channels, selection combining (SC) cooperative diversity, probability density function (PDF), cumulative distribution function (CDF), level crossing rate (LCR), average duration of fades (ADF)

Estimation of the Velocity of a Walking Person in Indoor Environments from mmWave Signals

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Estimation of the Velocity of a Walking Person in Non-Stationary Indoor Environments from the Received RF Signal

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A Geometry-Based Underwater Acoustic Channel Model Allowing for Sloped Ocean Bottom Conditions

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Genetic Analysis of <b><i>TREM2</i></b> Variants in Tunisian Patients with Alzheimer&apos;s Disease

International audienc

Estimation of the Time-Variant Velocity of a Single Walking Person in Two-Dimensional Non-Stationary Indoor Environments Using Radio-Frequency Techniques

publishedVersio

Estimation of the Velocity of a Walking Person in Non-Stationary Indoor Environments from the Received RF Signal

acceptedVersionNivå